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1 ferre
1) носить (1. 235 pr. D. 50, 16). 2) уносить (1. 1 § 1 D. 2, 3. 1. 27 § 27. D. 9, 2 1. 21 § 5. 6 D. 47, 2. 1. 6 pr. D. 48, 13); считать, получать amplius, plus, minus ferre (1. 4 D. 6, 1. 1 3 pr. D. 36, 1. 1. 1 § 9. 11 D. 37, 8. 1. 41 § 1 D. 44, 7. 1. 6 D. 47, 6. 1. 58 § 1 D. 17, 1. 1. 24 D. 28, 6. 1. 82 D. 35, 2);3) высказывать, произносить, давать: fene sententiam (1. 32 § 4 D. 4, 8. 1. 27 § 3 1. 39 § 1 D. 40, 12. 1. 1 pr D. 49, 1), testimonium (1. 3 pr. D. 22, 5. 1. 20 C. 6, 23), suffragium (1. 8 D. 50, 4. 1 un. pr. C. 4, 3);damni, lucri partem (1. 30 D. 17, 2), quod assi deest (1. 17 pr. D. 28, 5), legatum, dotem (1. 53 pr. D. 31. 1. 24 D. 37, 5), usumfr. (l. 42 § 1 D. 7, 1. 1. 31 D. 4, 8. 1. 15 § 2 D 5, 2).
4) помогать кому: аuxilium ferre (1. 1 § 28. 35. 36. D. 29, 5). 5) записывать, вносить: ferre acceptum (см. accipere s. 1), expensum (см. expendere). 6) терпеть а) переносить: morbus ferendus aliсui (1. 22 § 7 D. 24, 3), b) прощать: nec upina ignorantia ferenda est (1. 6 D. 22, 6);feruntur exempla (1. 7 § 3 D. 48, 20), fertur, говорят, что (1. 1 § 3 D. 3, 1. 1. 1 § 3 D. 5, 4).
c) дозволять: quod ferendum non est (1. 33 D. 23, 3. 1. un. C. 9, 17);
7) nomen alicujus ferre, носить имя, называться (1. 7. 63 § 10 D. 36, 1. 1. 19 § 6 D. 39, 5). 8) legem ferre, предлагать, издавать закон;d) выслушивать кого: non ferre querentem (1. 1 § 2 D. 27, 3. 1. 7 § 2 D. 47, 10. 1. 25 D. 3, 3. 1. 6 D. 1, 6. 1. 15 D. 2, 1. 1. 12 D. 2, 15. 1. 50 D. 23, 2. 1. 5 D. 26, 10. 1. 1 § 12. 15 D. 42, 6).
latio, издание закона (§ 15 J. 4, 3. 1. 2 § 2. 4. 16. 21 D. 1, 2. 1 1 pr. D. 35, 2);
ferre S Ctum (pr. J 3, 4);
latae sanctiones (1. 11 C. 10, 52);
9) приносить доход: fundus ferens annua LX (1. 21 § 1 D. 33, 1).latio sanctionis (1. 27 pr. C. 4, 32).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > ferre
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2 fero
fĕro, ferre, tŭli (tĕtŭli, arch.), lātum - tr. et intr. - - voir l'article fero du Gaffiot. - la conjugaison - [gr]gr. ϕέρω. - inf. passif ferrier Plaut. Rud. 367 == redoublement arch. tetuli, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 84; 168; id. Men. 4, 2, 25; 66; id. Rud. prol. 68: tetulisti, Att. and Caecil. ap. Non. 178, 17 sq.: tetulit, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 1, 13: tetulerunt, Lucr. 6, 672: tetulissem, Ter. And. 4, 5, 13: tetulisse, Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 2: tetulero, id. Cist. 3, 19: tetulerit, id. Poen. 3, 1, 58; id. Rud. 4, 3, 101. - fero, feram, feras [] fero, feram, feras → ferus. - impératif présent: fer, ferte. [st1]1 [-] porter, tenir, avoir en soi, avoir sur soi. - arma ferre: porter les armes. - ferre aliquem in sinu (in oculis): porter qqn dans son coeur. - ferre census corpore suos, Ov.: avoir sa fortune sur soi. - alicui opem (auxilium) ferre: porter secours à qqn. [st1]2 [-] (porter en avant), transporter, mouvoir, emporter, entraîner, pousser. - non feret quin vapulet, Plaut.: il ne s'en tirera pas sans être rossé. - ferre caelo manus, Hor.: lever les mains au ciel. - ferre signa: porter les enseignes, se mettre en marche, lever le camp. - ferre signa in hostem: marcher à l'ennemi. - in Capitolium faces ferre, Cic.: mettre le feu au Capitole. - animus me fert: mon esprit me pousse (à), je veux. - quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt, Sall. J. 54: ils se dispersent pour aller où ils veulent. - qua quemque animus fert, effugite superbiam regiam, Liv. 40: comme chacun le veut, fuyez la tyrannie du roi. - mens tulit nos exscindere Thebas, Stat. Th. 4: nous voulions détruire Thèbes. [st1]3 [-] mettre en mouvement, déplacer, diriger, mener, faire avancer, conduire. - itinera duo ad portum ferebant, Caes.: deux chemins menaient au port. - alicui sese obviam ferre, Cic.: se porter au-devant de qqn. - si qua ad verum via ferret, Liv.: si quelque chemin menait à la vérité. [st1]4 [-] (porter devant soi), montrer, présenter, offrir, donner; apporter, proposer. - prae se ferre: porter devant soi, étaler, afficher, montrer, manifester, déclarer. - nec vero, cum venit, prae se fert aut qui sit aut unde veniat aut etiam quid velit, Cic. Rep. 2: et, en approchant, il ne montre pas clairement ni qui il est, ni d'où il vient, ni même ce qu'il veut. - cui sum amicus, idque me ejus officio debere esse prae me semper tuli, Cic. Phil.: je suis son ami et j'ai toujours avoué clairement que je me devais de l'être en raison du service qu'il m'a rendu. - palam se ferre, Suet.: s'afficher. - ferre osculum, Ov.: donner un baiser. - ferre sententiam, Vic.: apporter son avis. - suffragium (sententiam) ferre: apporter son suffrage, donner son suffrage, voter. - ad plebem ferre ut: proposer au peuple que... - aliquem judicem ferre: proposer qqn comme juge. - rogationem ferre: présenter un projet de loi, proposer une loi. - legem ferre: présenter une loi, proposer une loi. - legem ad populum (ad plebem) ferre: présenter une loi au peuple. - ferre suprema, Virg.: rendre les derniers devoirs. [st1]5 [-] (porter en haut), élever, vanter, célébrer. - aliquem in caelum ferre: porter qqn aux nues. - laudibus aliquem in caelum ferre, Cic. Fam. 10: porter qqn aux nues, combler qqn d'éloges. - ad astra aliquem ferre: porter qqn aux nues, combler qqn d'éloges. - gloria hujus ad caelum fertur, Lucr.: sa gloire est portée aux nues. - incerta in majus ferri solent, Liv. 21: on grossit ordinairement ce qu'on ne connaît pas. [st1]6 [-] apporter, amener, procurer, causer, faire, provoquer. - fructum ferre: procurer un profit, un avantage. - ferre voluptatem: causer du plaisir. - ferre solacia: procurer des consolations. [st1]7 [-] emporter, enlever, piller, dévaster, détruire. - ferre atque agere (agere ferreque): piller, ravager. - hi ferre agere plebem, Liv. 3, 37: ils volaient et pillaient la plèbe. - (aufert, en prose) omnia fert aetas, Virg.: le temps emporte tout. - incensa ferunt Pergama, Virg.: ils pillent Troie en flammes. [st1]8 [-] emporter, recevoir, obtenir, recueillir, remporter. - praemium ferre: obtenir une récompense. - nihil ex certamine ferre, Liv.: ne rien emporter du combat. - non tacitum feres, Cic.: tu n'auras pas mon silence. - quod posces, feres, Plaut. Merc. 2: tu auras ce que tu demandes. - ferre victoriam ex aliquo, Liv.: remporter la victoire sur qqn. - ferre suffragia, Suet.: remporter les suffrages. - plura in eorum tribubus suffragia quam uterque in omnibus ferre, Suet.: recueillir plus de suffrages dans leurs tribus que tous les deux dans toutes les autres. - ferre centuriam, Cic.: obtenir les voix d'une centurie. - tribus plerasque ferre, Cic. Planc.: obtenir les voix de la plupart des tribus. [st1]9 [-] porter, comporter, vouloir, exiger, demander; permettre, admettre. - natura fert ut: la nature veut que. - quod natura fert in omnibus fere rebus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 5: ce que la nature veut dans presque tous les domaines. - ut fors tulit: comme le hasard le voulut, au gré du hasard. - si occasio tulerit, Cic.: si l'occasion le permet. - si vestra voluntas feret, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 24: si tel est votre désir. - si ita ferret, Tac.: s'il devait en être ainsi. - ut aetas illa fert, Cic. Clu. 60: comme c'est l'habitude à cet âge. - ut mea fert opinio, Cic. Clu. 16: d'après mon avis. [st1]10 [-] supporter, endurer, subir, souffrir. - dolorem ferre aequo animo: supporter sans peine la douleur, se résigner. - aegre, graviter, moleste aliquid ferre: supporter qqch avec peine, avec chagrin, avec indignation. - repulsam ferre: essuyer un échec. - ferre impetum: soutenir le choc. - servo nubere tuli, Ov. H. 5: je me suis résignée à épouser un esclave. - ferunt aures hominum illa laudari, Cic. de Or. 2: les hommes endurent de pareilles louanges. - non ferendum est quod, Quint.: il ne faut pas supporter que. - adversas ferre difficile esset sine eo qui illas gravius etiam quam tu ferret, Cic. Lael.: il serait difficile de supporter les malheurs sans quelqu'un qui les supporte encore plus péniblement que nous. - ingratae patriae injuriam non tulit, Cic. Lael.: il ne supporta pas l'injustice d'une patrie ingrate. - quis tam esset ferreus qui eam vitam ferre posset? Cic. Lael.: qui serait assez insensible pour supporter pareille vie? [st1]11 [-] produire, rapporter, engendrer, enfanter. - ferundo arbor peribit, Cato, R. R. 6: l'arbre périra à force de produire. - angulus iste feret piper et thus, Hor. Ep. 1: ce coin de terre te donnera du poivre et de l'encens. - ignorans nurum ventrem ferre, Liv. 1: ignorant que sa bru était enceinte. - au fig. haec aetas oratorem... tulit, Cic. Br. 45: cette époque produisit un orateur... [st1]12 [-] (porter partout), annoncer, rapporter, raconter, répandre, divulguer. - ferre + prop. inf.: rapporter que, dire que. - tormentis servorum Macronem praesedisse commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant, Tac. An. 6: les documents envoyés au sénat indiquaient que Macron avait présidé à la torture des esclaves. - ferunt (fertur) + prop. inf.: on rapporte que, on dit que. - ubi nunc ficus Ruminalis est, Romularem vocatam ferunt, Liv. 1: où il y a maintenant le figuier Ruminal, qu'on a appelé, dit-on, Romulaire. - ut Graeci ferunt, Cic.: à ce que disent les Grecs. [st1]15 [-] locutions remarquables. - expensum ferre: inscrire au chapitre des dépenses, porter en dépenses. - acceptum ferre: inscrire au chapitre des recettes, porter en recettes.* * *fĕro, ferre, tŭli (tĕtŭli, arch.), lātum - tr. et intr. - - voir l'article fero du Gaffiot. - la conjugaison - [gr]gr. ϕέρω. - inf. passif ferrier Plaut. Rud. 367 == redoublement arch. tetuli, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 84; 168; id. Men. 4, 2, 25; 66; id. Rud. prol. 68: tetulisti, Att. and Caecil. ap. Non. 178, 17 sq.: tetulit, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 1, 13: tetulerunt, Lucr. 6, 672: tetulissem, Ter. And. 4, 5, 13: tetulisse, Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 2: tetulero, id. Cist. 3, 19: tetulerit, id. Poen. 3, 1, 58; id. Rud. 4, 3, 101. - fero, feram, feras [] fero, feram, feras → ferus. - impératif présent: fer, ferte. [st1]1 [-] porter, tenir, avoir en soi, avoir sur soi. - arma ferre: porter les armes. - ferre aliquem in sinu (in oculis): porter qqn dans son coeur. - ferre census corpore suos, Ov.: avoir sa fortune sur soi. - alicui opem (auxilium) ferre: porter secours à qqn. [st1]2 [-] (porter en avant), transporter, mouvoir, emporter, entraîner, pousser. - non feret quin vapulet, Plaut.: il ne s'en tirera pas sans être rossé. - ferre caelo manus, Hor.: lever les mains au ciel. - ferre signa: porter les enseignes, se mettre en marche, lever le camp. - ferre signa in hostem: marcher à l'ennemi. - in Capitolium faces ferre, Cic.: mettre le feu au Capitole. - animus me fert: mon esprit me pousse (à), je veux. - quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt, Sall. J. 54: ils se dispersent pour aller où ils veulent. - qua quemque animus fert, effugite superbiam regiam, Liv. 40: comme chacun le veut, fuyez la tyrannie du roi. - mens tulit nos exscindere Thebas, Stat. Th. 4: nous voulions détruire Thèbes. [st1]3 [-] mettre en mouvement, déplacer, diriger, mener, faire avancer, conduire. - itinera duo ad portum ferebant, Caes.: deux chemins menaient au port. - alicui sese obviam ferre, Cic.: se porter au-devant de qqn. - si qua ad verum via ferret, Liv.: si quelque chemin menait à la vérité. [st1]4 [-] (porter devant soi), montrer, présenter, offrir, donner; apporter, proposer. - prae se ferre: porter devant soi, étaler, afficher, montrer, manifester, déclarer. - nec vero, cum venit, prae se fert aut qui sit aut unde veniat aut etiam quid velit, Cic. Rep. 2: et, en approchant, il ne montre pas clairement ni qui il est, ni d'où il vient, ni même ce qu'il veut. - cui sum amicus, idque me ejus officio debere esse prae me semper tuli, Cic. Phil.: je suis son ami et j'ai toujours avoué clairement que je me devais de l'être en raison du service qu'il m'a rendu. - palam se ferre, Suet.: s'afficher. - ferre osculum, Ov.: donner un baiser. - ferre sententiam, Vic.: apporter son avis. - suffragium (sententiam) ferre: apporter son suffrage, donner son suffrage, voter. - ad plebem ferre ut: proposer au peuple que... - aliquem judicem ferre: proposer qqn comme juge. - rogationem ferre: présenter un projet de loi, proposer une loi. - legem ferre: présenter une loi, proposer une loi. - legem ad populum (ad plebem) ferre: présenter une loi au peuple. - ferre suprema, Virg.: rendre les derniers devoirs. [st1]5 [-] (porter en haut), élever, vanter, célébrer. - aliquem in caelum ferre: porter qqn aux nues. - laudibus aliquem in caelum ferre, Cic. Fam. 10: porter qqn aux nues, combler qqn d'éloges. - ad astra aliquem ferre: porter qqn aux nues, combler qqn d'éloges. - gloria hujus ad caelum fertur, Lucr.: sa gloire est portée aux nues. - incerta in majus ferri solent, Liv. 21: on grossit ordinairement ce qu'on ne connaît pas. [st1]6 [-] apporter, amener, procurer, causer, faire, provoquer. - fructum ferre: procurer un profit, un avantage. - ferre voluptatem: causer du plaisir. - ferre solacia: procurer des consolations. [st1]7 [-] emporter, enlever, piller, dévaster, détruire. - ferre atque agere (agere ferreque): piller, ravager. - hi ferre agere plebem, Liv. 3, 37: ils volaient et pillaient la plèbe. - (aufert, en prose) omnia fert aetas, Virg.: le temps emporte tout. - incensa ferunt Pergama, Virg.: ils pillent Troie en flammes. [st1]8 [-] emporter, recevoir, obtenir, recueillir, remporter. - praemium ferre: obtenir une récompense. - nihil ex certamine ferre, Liv.: ne rien emporter du combat. - non tacitum feres, Cic.: tu n'auras pas mon silence. - quod posces, feres, Plaut. Merc. 2: tu auras ce que tu demandes. - ferre victoriam ex aliquo, Liv.: remporter la victoire sur qqn. - ferre suffragia, Suet.: remporter les suffrages. - plura in eorum tribubus suffragia quam uterque in omnibus ferre, Suet.: recueillir plus de suffrages dans leurs tribus que tous les deux dans toutes les autres. - ferre centuriam, Cic.: obtenir les voix d'une centurie. - tribus plerasque ferre, Cic. Planc.: obtenir les voix de la plupart des tribus. [st1]9 [-] porter, comporter, vouloir, exiger, demander; permettre, admettre. - natura fert ut: la nature veut que. - quod natura fert in omnibus fere rebus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 5: ce que la nature veut dans presque tous les domaines. - ut fors tulit: comme le hasard le voulut, au gré du hasard. - si occasio tulerit, Cic.: si l'occasion le permet. - si vestra voluntas feret, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 24: si tel est votre désir. - si ita ferret, Tac.: s'il devait en être ainsi. - ut aetas illa fert, Cic. Clu. 60: comme c'est l'habitude à cet âge. - ut mea fert opinio, Cic. Clu. 16: d'après mon avis. [st1]10 [-] supporter, endurer, subir, souffrir. - dolorem ferre aequo animo: supporter sans peine la douleur, se résigner. - aegre, graviter, moleste aliquid ferre: supporter qqch avec peine, avec chagrin, avec indignation. - repulsam ferre: essuyer un échec. - ferre impetum: soutenir le choc. - servo nubere tuli, Ov. H. 5: je me suis résignée à épouser un esclave. - ferunt aures hominum illa laudari, Cic. de Or. 2: les hommes endurent de pareilles louanges. - non ferendum est quod, Quint.: il ne faut pas supporter que. - adversas ferre difficile esset sine eo qui illas gravius etiam quam tu ferret, Cic. Lael.: il serait difficile de supporter les malheurs sans quelqu'un qui les supporte encore plus péniblement que nous. - ingratae patriae injuriam non tulit, Cic. Lael.: il ne supporta pas l'injustice d'une patrie ingrate. - quis tam esset ferreus qui eam vitam ferre posset? Cic. Lael.: qui serait assez insensible pour supporter pareille vie? [st1]11 [-] produire, rapporter, engendrer, enfanter. - ferundo arbor peribit, Cato, R. R. 6: l'arbre périra à force de produire. - angulus iste feret piper et thus, Hor. Ep. 1: ce coin de terre te donnera du poivre et de l'encens. - ignorans nurum ventrem ferre, Liv. 1: ignorant que sa bru était enceinte. - au fig. haec aetas oratorem... tulit, Cic. Br. 45: cette époque produisit un orateur... [st1]12 [-] (porter partout), annoncer, rapporter, raconter, répandre, divulguer. - ferre + prop. inf.: rapporter que, dire que. - tormentis servorum Macronem praesedisse commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant, Tac. An. 6: les documents envoyés au sénat indiquaient que Macron avait présidé à la torture des esclaves. - ferunt (fertur) + prop. inf.: on rapporte que, on dit que. - ubi nunc ficus Ruminalis est, Romularem vocatam ferunt, Liv. 1: où il y a maintenant le figuier Ruminal, qu'on a appelé, dit-on, Romulaire. - ut Graeci ferunt, Cic.: à ce que disent les Grecs. [st1]15 [-] locutions remarquables. - expensum ferre: inscrire au chapitre des dépenses, porter en dépenses. - acceptum ferre: inscrire au chapitre des recettes, porter en recettes.* * *Fero, fers, tuli, latum, ferre. Porter.\Ferre ab altero argentum. Plaut. Recevoir de luy.\Quod posces, feres. Plaut. Tu obtiendras et emporteras ce que tu demanderas.\- hercle nunc ferat Sex talenta magna argenti pro istis praesentaria, Nunquam acciperem. Plaut. S'il m'apportoit.\Ferre. Producere. Plin. Porter, Produire.\Elephantes fert Africa. Plin. Produit.\Non feret quin vapulet. Plaut. Il ne se passera pas qu'il ne soit batu.\Ferre, pro Dicere. Tacit. Ex C. Caesare se genitum ferebat. Il disoit.\Ferre. Cic. Endurer quelque chose, Souffrir et porter patiemment.\Ferre acceptum. Iuris. Enregistrer ce qu'on a receu, et en tenir compte au chapitre des receptes.\Ferre acerbe. Cic. Acerbe ferebam, si huius salus, etc. J'estoye marri, etc.\Quae fert adolescentia. Terent. A quoy la jeunesse s'addonne.\Aduersas res ferre. Cic. Porter patiemment les adversitez.\AEgre ferre. Terent. Estre marri et desplaisant d'une chose.\Dum aetas tulit, amauit. Terentius. Tandis que l'aage s'y addonnoit, et que l'aage le portoit.\Si modo fert animus, gradere, et scitabere ab ipso. Ouid. S'il te plaist.\Fert animus causas tantarum exponere rerum. Lucan. Mon cueur desire de, etc. Je veulx.\Qualem animum iudex in consilium feret. Quintil. Quelle affection il apporte.\Ferre animo aequo. Terent. Porter patiemment.\Iniquo animo ferre. Cic. Estre mal content.\Ferre annos et vetustatem, siue perferre, dicuntur vina proprie: tamen ad alia transferuntur. Quintil. Estre de garde, Durer long temps.\Arma contra patriam ferre. Cic. S'armer à l'encontre de son pays, Porter les armes et faire la guerre contre, etc.\In astra ferre. Cic. Louer haultement aucun, Le monter jusques au ciel.\Atrociter ferre. Cic. Estre fort mal content et desplaisant.\Quum semel auras tulerunt. Virg. Ont accoustumé l'air.\Auxilium alicui ferre. Terent. Donner secours, Aider, Secourir.\Bella ferre. Horat. Endurer les travaulx de guerre avec les autres gensdarmes.\Belle aliquid ferre. Cic. Porter ou endurer doulcement, sans se fascher et ennuyer.\Ferre ad vel in caelum. Cic. Monter ou mettre jusques aux nues, Louer haultement.\Deos quaeso vt hodie camum et furcam feras. Plaut. Que tu sois pendu aujourdhuy.\Centuriam ferre. Cic. Avoir pour nous les voix de toute une centurie en quelque election, Estre esleu par toute une centurie.\Haud clam tulit iram aduersus Praetorem. Liu. Ne dissimula point le courroux qu'il avoit contre le Preteur, Il monstra bien qu'il estoit marri contre, etc.\Commentarii ferunt. Tacit. Le portent, Il est escript és commentaires.\Si ita commodum vestrum fert. Cic. Si c'est vostre commodité et prouffit.\Conditionem ferre, quod et Offerre dicitur, et Ponere. Terent. Faire une offre et parti.\Grauioribus verbis, quam tua consuetudo ferebat. Cic. Que ta coustume ne portoit, ou Que tu n'avois de coustume.\Contumelias ferre. Plaut. Endurer.\Crimina in aliquem ferre. Tacit. Blasmer aucun, et mal dire de luy.\Desyderium coniunctissimi viri atque amantissimi ferre nullo modo possem. Cic. Je ne pourroye nullement endurer, ou porter le regret.\Dolorem ferre alicui. Virgil. Donner ennuy, Le contrister et ennuyer.\Exequias ferre. Ouid. Faire les funerailles.\Exitum eundem ferre. Caes. Endurer.\Ferre expensum. Cic. Tenir compte de ce qu'on a despendu.\Extra causam ferre. Quint. Mettre hors du propos.\Vt ferunt fabulae. Cic. Comme les fables le racontent.\Vt villicum hanc perdoceamus vt ferat fallaciam. Plaut. Comment il pourra faire et mettre en execution ceste tromperie.\Famam ferre. Plaut. Semer un bruit.\Ita fama ferebant. Liu. On le disoit ainsi, Le bruit estoit tel.\Quod est ferundum feras. Terent. Endure.\Fidem ferre alicui rei. Virg. La croire, Y adjouster foy.\- fero ad te alia flagitia ingentia Boni illius adolescentis. Terent. Je t'apporte, Je vien te raconter.\Fortiter ferre. Cic. Endurer constamment.\Fraudem ferre. Liu. Tromper, ou porter dommage.\Frigoraque et famem tulistis. Catull. Vous avez enduré.\Fructum ferre dicuntur arbores. Plin. Porter fruict.\Additur vt Pallas, singularis industriae fructum meritissimo ferat. Plin. iunior. A fin que Pallas recoyve le fruict et le prouffit de, etc.\Quumque ea contentio mihi magnum etiam foris fructum tulisset. Cic. M'eust porté grand prouffit.\Fructum ex aliquo ferre. Pollio ad Ciceronem. Recevoir prouffit.\Quos tandem fructus huiusce necessitudinis in istius imperio tulit? Cic. Quels fruicts a il remporté de, etc.\Ferre gloriam belli perpetrati. Liu. Remporter la gloire et le loz d'avoir mis fin à une guerre.\Ferri ad gloriam. Cic. Suyvre la gloire.\Gratiam et gloriam haud immeritam annonae leuatae tulit. Liu. On luy sceut bon gré, et non sans cause, d'avoir, etc.\Grauiter ferre. Terent. Estre marri.\Hoc ab isto praedone ereptum esse, grauiter et acerbe homines ferebant. Cic. Estoyent marriz.\Gressus ferre aliquo. Aller.\Imaginem alicuius ferre. Plaut. Representer aucun, et resembler.\Impetum ferre. Caes. Endurer et soustenir.\Impune ferre. Caes. Demourer impuni.\In aliquo quidpiam ferre. Quintil. Supporter.\Incommoda ferre. Cic. Donner ennuy et fascherie.\Indigne ferre. Plin. Estre mal content.\Infortunium ferre. Terent. Recevoir malencontre.\Ingrate aliquid ferre. Tacit. Estre mal content.\Iniuriam ferre. Cic. Endurer.\Nae illud haud inultum, si viuo, ferent. Terent. Ils n'en demourront pas quictes, ou impuniz.\Iracunde ferre. Plin. Se courroucer de quelque chose.\Iudicem tibi fero. Liu. Mots que anciennement l'un des deux contendans disoit maintesfois à l'autre, qui valoyent autant comme de dire, Je croiray de nostre different tout le premier, et l'en feray juge. Et aucunesfois avoyent accoustumé de le nommer, disans, Je m'en rapporte à un tel, et le vous offre, qu'il soit juge de nostre different.\Cum laborem belli ferre non posset, etc. Caes. Ne peust porter et endurer la peine.\Laete atque insolenter ferre. Cic. Demener grand joye pour quelque chose.\Laetitiam ferre. Cic. Demener joye.\Laudem. Caes. Avoir honneur, Estre loué.\Laudem mihi mea facta ferent. Virgil. M'apporteront louange.\Laudibus ferre. Plin. iunior. Louer.\Lenissime ferre aliquid. Cic. Ne s'en point fascher ne ennuyer.\Faciet quae feret libido. Sallust. Il fera ce qu'il luy viendra en volunté et à plaisir.\Lucem ferre. Plin. iunior. Endurer de veoir la lumiere.\Fer contra manum. Plaut. Baille la main.\Manum ferre. Virgil. S'entrebatre, Combatre.\Fer me. Terent. Supporte moy.\Ferres me, si ego idem dicerem? Cic. L'endurerois tu de moy?\Miserias ferre. Terent. Les porter patiemment.\Moderate ferre dolorem. Cic. Endurer.\Modice ferre. Cic. Porter par mesure, Porter patiemment.\Moleste ferre. Cic. Estre mal content.\Molliter ferre. Cic. Endurer doulcement quelque chose.\Munus ferre. Horat. Recevoir un don.\Prout cuiusque eorum qui negotiis praeerant, aut natura, aut studium ferebat. Caes. Selon que leur naturelle inclination estoit.\Natura fert vt extrema, etc. Cic. C'est une chose naturelle, Nature apporte que, etc.\Vereor ne grauioribus vtar verbis, quam natura mea fert. Cic. Que ma nature ne porte.\Nomen alicuius ferre. Cic. Porter le nom de la maison et famille d'aucun.\Nomen ferre insani. Horat. Estre appelé, etc.\In notitiam alicuius ferre. Plin. iunior. Luy faire à scavoir.\Ferre obscure aliquid. Cicero. Dissimuler et cacher quelque chose.\Neque id occulte fert. Terent. Il ne le fait pas en cachette ne en secret, Il le dit hault et cler.\Sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat. Virg. Il te resembloit des yeulx, des mains, et de visage.\Aliquem in oculis ferre. Cic. Fort aimer aucun, tellement qu'on ne peult durer sans le veoir tousjours, Ne le veoir point à demi.\Odium pro labore ferre. Terent. Remporter haine, Estre hay.\Opem ferre. Terent. Aider, Donner secours, Secourir.\Opem atque auxilium afflictae Reip. Cic. Donner aide et secours à, etc.\Vt fert mea opinio. Cic. Comme je pense, A mon advis, Selon mon opinion.\Opus aliquod cum labore ferre. Plaut. Endurer.\Ferre per ora hominum. Plin. Dire beaucoup de bien d'aucun, Louer grandement.\Ora ad ora ferre. Ouid. Baiser, Mettre bouche contre bouche.\Osculum alicui. Plin. iunior. Baiser aucun.\Ferre palam. Plaut. Divulguer, Publier, et semer par tout.\Palmam ferre. Cic. Emporter le pris, Estre le plus prisé.\Ego illi maximam partem feram. Terent. Je l'endureray en la plus part.\Partum ferre dicitur foemina. Plin. Estre grosse.\Passibus rapidis ferri. Virgil. Courir vistement.\Personam alienam ferre. Liu. Jouer le rolle d'autruy ne convenant pas à sa nature.\Plagas silentio. Cic. Endurer d'estre fouetté sans dire mot.\Ad plebem ferre. Cic. Demander au peuple s'il luy plaist que quelque chose se face.\Ferre ad populum: Sub. legem. Liu. Quand le Magistrat d'une Republicque venoit en lieu public portant au peuple une loy, et la luy recitant, et le suppliant qu'il luy pleust luy donner authorité de loy.\Ferre praedam. Ouid. Emporter la proye.\Praemium. Terent. Estre guerdonné.\Praesidium. Cic. Donner secours.\Preces Deo. Virgil. Prier.\Pretium ob stultitiam. Terent. Recevoir le loyer de sa folie.\Primas ferre. Cic. Emporter le pris sur touts les autres, Estre le plus excellent, Estre le premier.\Priuilegium de aliquo ferre. Cic. Quand és villes populaires un Magistrat prioit le peuple d'ordonner quelque chose nommeement et directement au prejudice de quelqu'un de ceulx de la ville.\Ferre quaestionem. Cic. Quand és villes populaires un Magistrat faisoit requeste au peuple pour donner juges extraordinaires pour congnoistre et juger du cas imposé à aucun.\In quaestionem seruum ferre. Cic. Presenter et exhiber son serf pour estre mis en la torture, pour scavoir de luy la verité d'aucun cas.\Ita sui periculi rationes ferre ac postulare. Cic. Le danger où il se voyoit le conseilloit d'ainsi le faire, Ses affaires le portoyent et requeroyent ainsi.\Repulsam ferre. Cic. Estre refusé, Estre esconduict.\Incoepi dum res tetulit: nunc non fert, feras. Terent. Quand le temps s'y addonnoit, Quand le temps le portoit.\Si ita res fert. Cic. S'il est besoing.\Ferre rem vulgo. Liu. Divulguer.\Responsum ferre. Liu. Avoir response.\Ferre salutem alicui. Plaut. Le saluer.\Ferre se aliquo. Virgil. Aller.\Sese obuiam alicui ferre. Cic. Aller au devant de luy.\Se tractandum ferre. Plin. Endurer d'estre manié.\Sententiam ferre. Cic. Dire son opinion.\Signa. Caesar. Marcher à enseignes desployees droict contre les ennemis.\Similitudinem. Plin. Resembler.\Sinu ferre. Martial. Porter en son seing.\Sitim ferre. Plin. iunior. Endurer la soif.\Neque enim diutius ferre solicitudinem possum. Plin. iunior. Je ne puis plus endurer ceste doubte et soulci, j'en veulx sortir quoy que ce soit.\Spem ferre alicuius. Virgil. Avoir esperance de luy.\Ferri sua sponte in aliquid. Senec. Suyvre et tendre à quelque chose par inclination naturelle.\Sublimem aliquem ferre. Plaut. Eslever en hault.\Ferri sublime. Plin. Estre eslevé en hault.\Subsidium ferre. Caesar. Donner secours.\Suffragium. Cic. Donner sa voix en quelque election.\Supplicium. Caesar. Estre puni.\Suppetias. Plaut. Donner secours.\Susque deque fero. Gell. Il ne m'en chault, Je ne m'en soulcie point.\Ferre tabellas alicui. Plaut. Porter lettres.\Dum tempus ad eam rem tulit. Terent. Tandis qu'il estoit en l'aage de ce faire.\Ita tempus ferebat. Cic. Le temps le portoit ainsi, Le temps en estoit, Le temps le debvoit, Le temps le requeroit, Le temps le vouloit.\Fert terra illos viros. Virgil. Produit.\Tales innumerabiles nostra ciuitas tulit. Cic. A produict.\Tribum. Cic. Avoir une tribu, Emporter une tribu: C'est à dire, obtenir toutes les voix d'une tribu en quelque election, Estre esleu par toute une tribu.\Tributum, Curtius. Payer tribut.\Ferre vana ad aliquem. Liu. Luy rapporter choses vaines.\Ventrem ferre dicitur foemina. Varro. Liu. Estre grosse.\Verbera ferre. Martial. Estre batu.\Verbera alicuius. Ouid. Endurer d'estre batu par aucun.\Verbera in aliquem. Ouid. Batre aucun.\Vestigia sua ad aliquem. Ouid. Aller vers aucun.\Ferunt eo vestigia. Liu. Les pas s'addressent là.\Vina quae vetustatem ferunt. Cic. Vins vieulx qui sont encores bons, et ne sont point empirez, Vins de garde.\Itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portam ferebant. Caes. Menoyent droict à la porte.\Victoriam ex re aliqua ferre. Liu. Emporter la victoire.\Vim alicuius ferre. Terent. Porter et endurer.\Si vestra voluntas feret. Cic. Si vous voulez.\Nihil iam mihi isthaec res voluptatis ferunt. Terent. Ces choses ne me donnent plus de plaisir, ne d'esbat, Je ne pren plus de plaisir à ces choses.\Quos spiritus gessisset, vultu ferebat. Tacit. Il monstroit en son visage, etc.\Fertur ad terram vitis. Cic. La vigne panche ou tombe en terre.\Quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus vnam Posthabita coluisse Samo. Virgil. On dit que Juno, etc.\Faustulo fuisse nomen ferunt. Liu. On dit qu'il avoit nom, etc.\Ferri. Plaut. Estre transporté.\Saltu supra venabula fertur. Virgil. Il saulte par dessus, etc.\Fruges tellus inarata ferebat. Ouid. Produisoit.\Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo. Virgil. En souffrant, En endurant.\Ferendo honori esse. Liu. Estre idoine et suffisant pour estre constitué en quelque dignité.\Esse oneri ferendo. Liu. Estre suffisant et fort assez pour porter quelque charge. -
3 lex
lēx, lēgis, f. ( von lego, ere = λέγω, sagen), eig. eine Wortformel; dah. I) ein in Worte gefaßter u. von einer Magistratsperson auf der Rednerbühne dem Volke gemachter Gesetzesvorschlag, Antrag, A) eig.: leges malae, Cic.: legem ferre od. rogare, dem Volke einen G. machen, Cic.: legem de ambitu ferre, Cic. (u. so legis lator, legis ambitus lator, Cic.: u. latio legis, Cic.): legem perferre (wofür auch legem ferre steht), einen G. durchsetzen, Cic.: legem promulgare, öffentlich bekanntmachen od. anschlagen, damit ihn jeder vorher lesen kann, ehe darüber abgestimmt wird, Cic.: legem sciscere od. iubere (vom Volke), genehmigen, Cic.: legem accipere, annehmen, Cic. (u. so acceptā lege, nachdem der G. durchgegangen, Vell.): legem repudiare, Cic.: legem antiquare, verwerfen, Cic. – B) übtr.: 1) der durch Genehmigung des Volkes in den Komitien zum Gesetz erhobene Vorschlag, das Gesetz, die gesetzliche Bestimmung, die Verordnung, auch der Beschluß, a) eig.: leges regiae, aus der Zeit der Könige, Cic.: leges duodecim tabularum, die Zwölftafelgesetze der Dezemvirn, Cic. – legum conditor, Plaut.: legum auctor (v. Lykurg), Quint.: legum architectus (ironisch), Cic.: legum datio, Cic.: legum latio, Arnob. – lege carens civitas, gesetzloser, Cic.: genus hominum agreste, sine legibus, sine imperio, Sall. – legem ferre (vom Volke), ein Gesetz, eine Verordnung machen, Liv. u. Tac.: legem abrogare, abschaffen, Cic.: leges imponere alci, Cic.: leges dare (erlassen), Cic. u. Ov.: legem dare de libertinorum suffragiis, Cic.: legibus condendis operam dare (v. den Dezemvirn), Liv.: legem suadere, Liv.: legem facere od. constituere alci, Cic., od. ponere, Hor.: legem sancire, Cic.: legem figere, anschlagen, Cic.: et mitigare (mildern) leges et intendere (schärfen), Plin. ep.: legibus alqm solvere, entbinden, Cic.: Porcia lex aliaeque leges paratae sunt (wurden geschaffen), Sall.: lege od. legibus, nach dem Gesetz, nach den Gesetzen, gesetzmäßig, Ter. u. Nep.: lege agere, gesetzlich, kraft des Gesetzes verfahren, v. Liktor, wenn er das Urteil des Richters vollzieht, Liv.; u. gesetzlich, gerichtlich klagen, v. Kläger, Cic.; vgl. ago no. II, B, 5, c, β (Bd. 1. S. 271): ebenso (v. Kläger) legibus experiri, Nep.: de eadem re pluribus legibus agere, wiederholt klagen, Suet.: per leges ire, sich den G. unterziehen, sie sich gefallen lassen, Ov.: lege uti, gesetzlich verfahren, Sall.: lex erat Thebis, quae morte multabat, si quis etc., Nep. Epam. 7, 5: lex est Lacedaemoniis od. apud Rhodios m. folg. ut u. Konj., Cic. de inv. 2, 96 u. 98. – b) meton.: α) das geschriebene Recht (Ggstz. mores, consuetudo), Cic. u.a. – β) Gesetz u. Rechtsnorm übh., sowohl aus dem positiven als aus dem Naturrecht, Cic. u. Sen. – 2) ein Gesetz, eine Vor schrift, die man sich selbst gibt, legem sibi statuere, Cic.: dah. die Gewohnheit, Art, nach der jmd. lebt, meā lege utar, Ter. – 3) das Gesetz ( die Gesetze), a) = die Regel, Vorschrift, das Gebot, die Satzung, lex grammatica, Gell.: lex scholastica, Plin. ep., od. umschr. lex, quae in scholis exercetur, Sen.: lex veri, Cic.: leges philosophiae, historiae, Cic.: leges philosophorum, Cic.: vetus lex sermonis, Quint.: leges citharae, Tac.: lex Christiana, christl. Religion, Amm.: ebenso lex divina, Lact.: legis Iudaicae (des Judentums) praecepta, Lact. – versibus est certa lex, Cic.: hanc ad legem formanda est oratio, Cic.: legem dicere alci, eine Vorschrift geben, Ov.: malignas dare leges, Ov.: transscendere dei legem, Lact.: quā sidera lege mearent, Ov. – haec est eiusmodi sermonum lex m. folg. Infin., Tac. dial. 27: vetus est enim lex illa iustae veraeque amicitiae m. folg. ut u. Konj., Cic. Planc. 5: quis nescit primam esse historiae legem m. folg. ne u. Konj., Cic. de or. 2, 62. – b) die Art und Weise, Beschaffenheit, sub lege loci, Ov.: ex lege loci, Ov.: quā lege, Calp. – c) die Regelmäßigkeit, Ordnung, sine lege, ohne Regel, unregelmäßig, unordentlich, capilli iacent sparsi sine lege, Ov.: equi sine lege ruunt, Ov.: legem dare capillis, ordnen, Sen. II) eine Formel, in der die Bedingungen für ein Geschäft od. ein Verhältnis aufgestellt sind, A) eig.: Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere, die gesetzlichen Formeln für Kaufverträge, Cic. de or. 1, 246. – B) übtr.: a) ein Tarif, Zolltarif, lex portus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 4508. – b) eine auf bestimmte Rechtsformeln basierte Bedingung, der Punkt, Kontrakt, Vertrag, mancipii, Kaufkontrakt, Cic.: so auch lex venditionis, ICt.: lex emptionis, ICt.: lex operi faciundo u. im Zshg. oft bl. lex, Baukontrakt, Cic.: lex censoria u. bl. lex, Kontrakt (Pacht-, Lieferungs-, Bau-Kontrakt), den die Zensoren (oder auch andere) den Unternehmern oder Pächtern vorlegten u. mit ihnen schlossen, Cic.: syngraphi leges, Punkte des Kontrakts, Plaut.: leges foederis, Verg.: pax data in has leges, mit diesen Bedingungen, Punkten, Liv.: eā lege atque omine, Ter.: hāc lege venire (verkauft werden), Cato: accipiunt legem, die Bedingung, Ov.: legem alci scribere (vorschreiben), Cic.: leges pacis dicere alci, diktieren, vorschreiben, Liv.: ebenso leges pacis dare alci, Liv.: legem (Vertrag) duabus hanc proposuit partibus, Phaedr.: Macedonibus et Illyriis hae (folgende) leges a Romanis datae (zugestanden), Eutr.: lege certā, Ov. – übtr., Bedingung, lex vitae, Bedingung des Lebens, die wir sogleich mit der Geburt überkommen haben, daß wir uns alle menschlichen Schicksale gefallen lassen sollen, Cic.: homines eā lege natos, Cic.: legem dare, aufstellen, Ov. (m. folg. ne u. Konj., Ov. met. 2, 556): legem accipere (annehmen), m. folg. ne u. Konj., Ov. met. 10, 50: patris pacem in leges conficere suas, Ter. heaut. 998. – / arch. Dat. Sing. leigei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 197, 26: Abl. Plur. leigibus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 2892.
-
4 lex
lēx, lēgis, f. ( von lego, ere = λέγω, sagen), eig. eine Wortformel; dah. I) ein in Worte gefaßter u. von einer Magistratsperson auf der Rednerbühne dem Volke gemachter Gesetzesvorschlag, Antrag, A) eig.: leges malae, Cic.: legem ferre od. rogare, dem Volke einen G. machen, Cic.: legem de ambitu ferre, Cic. (u. so legis lator, legis ambitus lator, Cic.: u. latio legis, Cic.): legem perferre (wofür auch legem ferre steht), einen G. durchsetzen, Cic.: legem promulgare, öffentlich bekanntmachen od. anschlagen, damit ihn jeder vorher lesen kann, ehe darüber abgestimmt wird, Cic.: legem sciscere od. iubere (vom Volke), genehmigen, Cic.: legem accipere, annehmen, Cic. (u. so acceptā lege, nachdem der G. durchgegangen, Vell.): legem repudiare, Cic.: legem antiquare, verwerfen, Cic. – B) übtr.: 1) der durch Genehmigung des Volkes in den Komitien zum Gesetz erhobene Vorschlag, das Gesetz, die gesetzliche Bestimmung, die Verordnung, auch der Beschluß, a) eig.: leges regiae, aus der Zeit der Könige, Cic.: leges duodecim tabularum, die Zwölftafelgesetze der Dezemvirn, Cic. – legum conditor, Plaut.: legum auctor (v. Lykurg), Quint.: legum architectus (ironisch), Cic.: legum datio, Cic.: legum latio, Arnob. – lege carens civitas, gesetzloser, Cic.: genus hominum agreste, sine legibus, sine imperio, Sall. – legem ferre————(vom Volke), ein Gesetz, eine Verordnung machen, Liv. u. Tac.: legem abrogare, abschaffen, Cic.: leges imponere alci, Cic.: leges dare (erlassen), Cic. u. Ov.: legem dare de libertinorum suffragiis, Cic.: legibus condendis operam dare (v. den Dezemvirn), Liv.: legem suadere, Liv.: legem facere od. constituere alci, Cic., od. ponere, Hor.: legem sancire, Cic.: legem figere, anschlagen, Cic.: et mitigare (mildern) leges et intendere (schärfen), Plin. ep.: legibus alqm solvere, entbinden, Cic.: Porcia lex aliaeque leges paratae sunt (wurden geschaffen), Sall.: lege od. legibus, nach dem Gesetz, nach den Gesetzen, gesetzmäßig, Ter. u. Nep.: lege agere, gesetzlich, kraft des Gesetzes verfahren, v. Liktor, wenn er das Urteil des Richters vollzieht, Liv.; u. gesetzlich, gerichtlich klagen, v. Kläger, Cic.; vgl. ago no. II, B, 5, c, β (Bd. 1. S. 271): ebenso (v. Kläger) legibus experiri, Nep.: de eadem re pluribus legibus agere, wiederholt klagen, Suet.: per leges ire, sich den G. unterziehen, sie sich gefallen lassen, Ov.: lege uti, gesetzlich verfahren, Sall.: lex erat Thebis, quae morte multabat, si quis etc., Nep. Epam. 7, 5: lex est Lacedaemoniis od. apud Rhodios m. folg. ut u. Konj., Cic. de inv. 2, 96 u. 98. – b) meton.: α) das geschriebene Recht (Ggstz. mores, consuetudo), Cic. u.a. – β) Gesetz u. Rechtsnorm übh., sowohl aus dem positiven als aus dem Naturrecht, Cic. u. Sen. – 2) ein Gesetz, eine Vor-————schrift, die man sich selbst gibt, legem sibi statuere, Cic.: dah. die Gewohnheit, Art, nach der jmd. lebt, meā lege utar, Ter. – 3) das Gesetz ( die Gesetze), a) = die Regel, Vorschrift, das Gebot, die Satzung, lex grammatica, Gell.: lex scholastica, Plin. ep., od. umschr. lex, quae in scholis exercetur, Sen.: lex veri, Cic.: leges philosophiae, historiae, Cic.: leges philosophorum, Cic.: vetus lex sermonis, Quint.: leges citharae, Tac.: lex Christiana, christl. Religion, Amm.: ebenso lex divina, Lact.: legis Iudaicae (des Judentums) praecepta, Lact. – versibus est certa lex, Cic.: hanc ad legem formanda est oratio, Cic.: legem dicere alci, eine Vorschrift geben, Ov.: malignas dare leges, Ov.: transscendere dei legem, Lact.: quā sidera lege mearent, Ov. – haec est eiusmodi sermonum lex m. folg. Infin., Tac. dial. 27: vetus est enim lex illa iustae veraeque amicitiae m. folg. ut u. Konj., Cic. Planc. 5: quis nescit primam esse historiae legem m. folg. ne u. Konj., Cic. de or. 2, 62. – b) die Art und Weise, Beschaffenheit, sub lege loci, Ov.: ex lege loci, Ov.: quā lege, Calp. – c) die Regelmäßigkeit, Ordnung, sine lege, ohne Regel, unregelmäßig, unordentlich, capilli iacent sparsi sine lege, Ov.: equi sine lege ruunt, Ov.: legem dare capillis, ordnen, Sen. II) eine Formel, in der die Bedingungen für ein Geschäft od. ein Verhältnis aufgestellt sind, A) eig.: Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere, die————gesetzlichen Formeln für Kaufverträge, Cic. de or. 1, 246. – B) übtr.: a) ein Tarif, Zolltarif, lex portus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 4508. – b) eine auf bestimmte Rechtsformeln basierte Bedingung, der Punkt, Kontrakt, Vertrag, mancipii, Kaufkontrakt, Cic.: so auch lex venditionis, ICt.: lex emptionis, ICt.: lex operi faciundo u. im Zshg. oft bl. lex, Baukontrakt, Cic.: lex censoria u. bl. lex, Kontrakt (Pacht-, Lieferungs-, Bau-Kontrakt), den die Zensoren (oder auch andere) den Unternehmern oder Pächtern vorlegten u. mit ihnen schlossen, Cic.: syngraphi leges, Punkte des Kontrakts, Plaut.: leges foederis, Verg.: pax data in has leges, mit diesen Bedingungen, Punkten, Liv.: eā lege atque omine, Ter.: hāc lege venire (verkauft werden), Cato: accipiunt legem, die Bedingung, Ov.: legem alci scribere (vorschreiben), Cic.: leges pacis dicere alci, diktieren, vorschreiben, Liv.: ebenso leges pacis dare alci, Liv.: legem (Vertrag) duabus hanc proposuit partibus, Phaedr.: Macedonibus et Illyriis hae (folgende) leges a Romanis datae (zugestanden), Eutr.: lege certā, Ov. – übtr., Bedingung, lex vitae, Bedingung des Lebens, die wir sogleich mit der Geburt überkommen haben, daß wir uns alle menschlichen Schicksale gefallen lassen sollen, Cic.: homines eā lege natos, Cic.: legem dare, aufstellen, Ov. (m. folg. ne u. Konj., Ov. met. 2, 556): legem accipere (annehmen), m. folg. ne u. Konj., Ov. met. 10,————50: patris pacem in leges conficere suas, Ter. heaut. 998. – ⇒ arch. Dat. Sing. leigei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 197, 26: Abl. Plur. leigibus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 2892. -
5 lex
lex, lēgis, f. [perh. Sanscr. root lag-, lig-, to fasten; Lat. ligo, to bind, oblige; cf. religio], a proposition or motion for a law made to the people by a magistrate, a bill (cf. institutum).I.Lit.:II.legem ferre: antiquare,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73:rogare,
id. Phil. 2, 29, 72:leges ac jura ferre,
Juv. 2, 72:legem promulgavit pertulitque, ut, etc.,
Liv. 33, 46:Antonius fixit legem a dictatore comitiis latam, qua, etc.,
Cic. Att. 14, 12:legem sciscere de aliqua re,
id. Planc. 14, 35:populus R. jussit legem de civitate tribuenda,
id. Balb. 17, 38:repudiare,
id. Lael. 25, 96.—Transf.A.A bill which has become a law in consequence of its adoption by the people in the comitia, a law (cf.: jus, fas; decretum, edictum, scitum): legem constituere alicui, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:B.legem gravem alicui imponere,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:legem neglegere, evertere, perfringere,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:neglegere, perrumpere,
id. Leg. 1, 15, 42:leges ac jura labefactare,
id. Caecin. 25, 70:legem condere,
Liv. 3, 34: leges duodecim tabularum, the laws composed by the decemvirs, the foundation of Roman legislation, Liv. 3, 33 sq.:nunc barbaricā lege certumst jus meum omne persequi,
i. e. by the Roman law, that of the Twelve Tables, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 32.—Esp. in phrases.1.Lege and legibus, according to law, by law, legally:2.ejus morte ea ad me lege redierunt bona,
Ter. And. 4, 5, 4:Athenas deductus est, ut ibi de eo legibus fieret judicium,
Nep. Phoc. 3, 4.—Legis actio, a statutory process:3.actiones quas in usu veteres habuerunt legis actiones appellabantur, vel ideo quod legibus proditae sunt,... vel ideo quia ipsarum legum verbis accommodatae erant, et ideo inmutabiles proinde atque leges observabantur,
Gai. Inst. 4, 11; cf. § 12 sqq.—Hence, in partic.: lege agere, to proceed strictly according to law.a.Of the lictor, to execute a sentence:b.Fulvius praeconi imperavit, ut lictorem lege agere juberet,
Liv. 26, 15, 9. —To bring a legal or statutory action: una injuria est tecum. Chr. Lege agito ergo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 90: lege agito dicebatur ei cujus intentio contemptibilis adversario videbatur, Don. ad Ter. l. l.: lege agito mecum;4.molestus ne sis,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 11:lege egit in hereditatem paternam exheres filius,
Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175; 1, 36, 167; id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115.—Fraudem legi facere, to evade the law:C.ut ne legi fraudem faciant aleariae, adcuratote ut, etc.,
the law against dicing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9:quod emancupando filium fraudem legi fecisset,
Liv. 7, 16, 9; cf. Val. Max. 8, 6, 3; cf.also: facio fraudem senatus consulto,
Cic. Att. 4, 12, 1.—In gen., a law, precept, regulation, principle, rule, mode, manner:D.qui disciplinam suam legem vitae putet,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:communis condicio lexque vitae,
id. ib. 4, 29, 62; id. Balb. 7, 18:haec lex in amicitia sauciatur,
id. Lael. 12, 40:quaero cur vir bonus has sibi tam gravis leges imposuerit,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:lex veri rectique,
id. ib. 2, 9, 27:aliquam legem vitae accipere,
Sen. Ep. 108, 6:ad legem naturae revertamur,
id. ib. 25, 4:leges in historia observandae,
Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 5:quis nescit primam esse historiae legem, ne quid falsi dicere audeat?
id. de Or. 2, 15, 62; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:vetus est lex amicitiae, ut idem amici semper velint,
id. Planc. 2, 5:hanc ad legem formanda est oratio,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190:versibus est certa quaedam et definita lex,
id. Or. 58:legibus suis (i. e. philosophiae) parere,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 19:leges Epicuri,
id. ib. 5, 37, 108; 4, 4, 7; Sen. Ep. 94, 15; Suet. Ner. 24:vetus lex sermonis,
Quint. 1, 5, 29:contra leges loquendi,
id. 1, 8, 13:lex et ratio loquendi,
Juv. 6, 453:secundum grammaticam legem,
Gell. 13, 21, 22:legem esse aiunt disciplinae dialecticae, etc.,
id. 16, 2, 1:citharae leges,
Tac. A. 16, 4:beneficii,
Sen. Ben. 2, 10, 4:sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex,
Juv. 7, 102:scimus hujus opusculi illam esse legem, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 5:qui titulus sola metri lege constringitur,
id. ib. 4, 14, 8.—Of things:quā sidera lege mearent,
by what law, what rule, Ov. M. 15, 71.—Hence, sine lege, without order, in confusion, confusedly:exspatiantur equi... quaque impetus egit, Hac sine lege ruunt,
Ov. M. 2, 204:jacent collo sparsi sine lege capilli,
id. H. 15, 73:haec in lege loci commoda Circus habet,
quality, nature, id. Am. 3, 2, 20; cf.:sub lege loci sumit mutatque figuras,
id. Hal. 32.—A contract, agreement, covenant:E.oleam faciundam hac lege oportet locare, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 145:in mancipii lege,
a contract of sale, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178; cf.:Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere,
id. ib. 1, 58, 246: collegii Aesculapii, Inscr. ap. Fabrett. p. 724, n. 443.—A condition, stipulation (cf. condicio).1.In gen. (mostly ante-class.):2.ego dabo ei talentum, primus qui in crucem excucurrerit, Set ca lege, ut offigantur bis pedes,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 13:quia nequit, qua lege licuit velle dixit fieri,
id. Stich. 3, 1, 58: estne empta mi haec? Pe. His legibus [p. 1056] habeas licet, id. Ep. 3, 4, 39:hac lege tibi adstringo meam fidem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:legibus dictis,
Liv. 9, 5, 3:dicta tibi est lex,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18:sed vos saevas imponite leges,
Juv. 7, 229.—Hence of conditions or terms of peace:F.pax data Philippo in has leges est,
Liv. 33, 30:quibus ante dictum est legibus, pacem fecerunt,
id. 30, 43:pacemque his legibus constituerunt,
Nep. Tim. 2:se sub leges pacis iniquae Tradere,
Verg. A. 4, 618:leges et foedera jungere,
id. ib. 12, 822:in leges ire,
Stat. S. 1, 1, 27.—In eccl. Lat. esp., the law of Moses:nolite putare quoniam veni solvere legem,
Vulg. Matt. 5, 17; 11, 13;often called lex Moysi,
id. Luc. 2, 22; id. Act. 15, 5;but more freq. lex Domini,
id. Luc. 2, 23; id. Psa. 4, 2:lex Dei,
id. 2 Esdr. 10, 28 sq.;also cf.: lex Altissimi,
id. Eccl. 19, 21:lex tua,
id. Psa. 39, 8; 118, 18:lex mea,
id. Prov. 3, 1.—Also of a precept of the Mosaic law:ista est lex animantium,
Vulg. Lev. 11, 46:istae sunt leges quas constituit Dominus,
id. Num. 30, 17. -
6 lex
lēx, lēgis f.1) закон, юридическая норма (leges dare C, O, scribere, facere, condĕre, constituere C etc.; l. Canuleja C, L; frumentaria Sl; legis virtus haec est: imperare, vetare, permittere, punire Dig)(ex) lege (legibus) Ter, Nep, L etc. — на основании закона (законов)lege uti Sl, C etc. — опираться на закон или поступать по законуlegem accipere (sciscere, jubere) C — принять, утвердить законопроектlege agere L, C — поступать по закону, вести дело законным порядком2) правило, принцип (orationem formare ad legem C; legem sibi statuere C)sine lege O — беспорядочно, без всякого порядкаlege durā Pl или severā Pt — в строгости, сурово4) определение, решение (l. fati O; legem alicui statuere C); условие ( leges foederis V)pax data in has leges L (his legibus Nep) — мир, заключённый на следующих условиях5) договор, соглашениеl. mancipii C — договор о купле-продаже, купчаяl. opĕri faciundo C — строительный договор6) pl. право управления, властьloci leges alicui dare V — вверить кому-л. власть над страной7) вероисповедание (l. Judaica Lact; l. Christiana Amm) -
7 lēx
lēx lēgis, f [3 LEG-], a formal proposition for a law, motion, bill (offered by a magistrate to the people): legem ferre: antiquare: rogare: legem promulgavit pertulitque, ut, etc., L.: a dictatore comitiis lata: scivit legem de publicanis: populus R. iussit legem de civitate tribuendā: repudiare.— A bill adopted by the people in the comitia, enactment, law: civitati legem constituere: leges ac iura labefactare: legem condere, L.: decem tabularum leges, the ten (afterwards twelve) tables, composed by the decemvirs, L.: fraudem legi facere, evade the law, L.: omnia lege facta, legally: ut legibus fieret iudicium, according to law, N.: lictorem lege agere iubere, do his office, L.: Lege agito, bring an action, T.— A law, precept, regulation, principle, rule, mode, manner: meā lege utar, T.: haec lex in amicitiā sanciatur: veri rectique: prima historiae, ne quid falsi dicere audeat: lex amicitiae, ut idem amici semper velint: leges Epicuri: ultra Legem tendere opus, H.: lex et ratio loquendi, Iu.: equi sine lege ruunt, in disorder, O.: hanc dederat Proserpina legem, had prescribed this order, V.— A contract, agreement, covenant: in mancipi lege, a contract of sale: Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere, legal forms.—A condition, stipulation: hac lege tibi adstringo meam fidem, T.: legibus dictis, L.: fata Quiritibus Hac lege dico, ne, etc., H.: leges captis inponere, conditions, O.: sed vos saevas imponite leges, Iu.: pax data Philippo in has leges est, terms, L.: se sub leges pacis iniquae Tradere, V.* * *Ilaw; motion, bill, statute; principle; conditionIIlexeos/is N Fword; (Greek) -
8 vorschlagen
vorschlagen, I) vor einer Öffnung befestigen: praefigere, vor etwas, alci rei (mit Nägeln). – obicere, vor etwas, alci rei (übh. voretwas machen). – II) einen Vorschlag machen: proponere. – ein Gesetzv., legem ferre (beantragen); legem rogare (zur Annahme in den Komitien vorlegen). – jmdm. etwas v., alci alqd commendare (empfehlen) od. suadere (plausibel und annehmbar zu machen suchen); monstrare alci alqd (nachweisend vors chlagen, z.B. hanc materiam): jmd. (zu etwas) v., alqm commendare.
-
9 Законопроект
- rogatio;• представлять законопроект на народное обсуждение - legem ferre;
• ратифицировать законопроект - legem jubere;
-
10 fero
, tuli, latum, ferre1) нести, носить;2) перен. выносить, переносить;3) предлагать;4) говорить, сообщать♦ legem ferre вносить законопроект -
11 praeoccupo
prae-occupo, āvī, ātum, āre1) заранее занимать, первым овладевать, наперёд захватывать ( loca opportuna L)3) заранее заручиться ( gratiam apud — v. l. ad — plebem L)5) предвосхищать, предупреждать, опережать (aliquera Nep etc.)p. legem ferre L — опередить кого-л. с внесением законопроекта -
12 prae-occupō
prae-occupō āvī, ātus, āre, to seize upon beforehand, preoccupy: Macedoniam, N.: opportuna loca, L.: praeoccupatum sese legatione ab Cn. Pompeio, Cs.—Fig., to seize in advance, preoccupy: animos timor praeoccupaverat, Cs.: praeoccupati beneficio animi, i. e. won over beforehand, L.—To anticipate, prevent: ad praeoccupanda Andranodori consilia, L.: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, N.: legem ferre, hasten to bring the bill sooner before the people, L. -
13 fero
fĕro, tuli, latum, ferre (ante-class. redupl. form in the tempp. perff.:I.tetuli,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 84; 168; id. Men. 4, 2, 25; 66; id. Rud. prol. 68: tetulisti, Att. and Caecil. ap. Non. 178, 17 sq.:tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 1, 13:tetulerunt,
Lucr. 6, § 672:tetulissem,
Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:tetulisse,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 2:tetulero,
id. Cist. 3, 19:tetulerit,
id. Poen. 3, 1, 58; id. Rud. 4, 3, 101), v. a. and n. [a wide-spread root; Sanscr. bhar-, carry, bharas, burden; Gr. pherô; Goth. bar, bairo, bear, produce, whence barn, child; Anglo-Saxon beran, whence Engl. bear, birth; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 300; Fick, Vergl. Wort. p. 135. The perf. forms, tuli, etc., from the root tul-, tol-; Sanscr. tol-jami, lift, weigh; Gr. tlênai, endure, cf. talas, talanton; Lat. tollo, tolerare, (t)latus, etc. Cf. Goth. thulan, Germ. dulden, Geduld; Anglo-Sax. tholian, suffer. Supine latum, i. e. tlatum; cf. supra; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 220; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 73], to bear, carry, bring. (For syn. cf.: gero, porto, bajulo, veho; effero, infero; tolero, patior, sino, permitto, etc.)Lit.A.In gen.:B.ferri proprie dicimus, quae quis suo corpore bajulat, portari ea, quae quis in jumento secum ducit, agi ea, quae animalia sunt,
Dig. 50, 16, 235: oneris quidvis feret, Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 29:quin te in fundo conspicer fodere aut arare aut aliquid ferre,
id. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:numerus eorum, qui arma ferre possent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 29, 1:arma et vallum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 13:sacra Junonis,
id. S. 1, 3, 11:cadaver nudis humeris (heres),
id. ib. 2, 5, 86:argentum ad aliquem,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 142; cf.:symbolum filio,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 30:olera et pisciculos minutos ferre obolo in cenam seni,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 32; cf.:vina et unguenta et flores,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 14:discerpta ferentes Memora gruis,
id. S. 2, 8, 86; cf.:talos, nucesque sinu laxo,
id. ib. 2, 3, 172:in Capitolium faces,
Cic. Lael. 11, 37:iste operta lectica latus per oppidum est ut mortuus,
id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:lectica in Capitolium latus est,
Suet. Claud. 2:circa judices latus (puer),
Quint. 6, 1, 47:prae se ferens (in essedo) Darium puerum,
Suet. Calig. 19.— Poet. with inf.:natum ad Stygios iterum fero mergere fontes,
Stat. Ach. 1, 134.—Prov.:ferre aliquem in oculis, or simply oculis,
i. e. to hold dear, love exceedingly, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; Q. Cic. Fam. 16, 27, 2.—In partic.1.With the idea of motion predominating, to set in motion, esp. to move onward quickly or rapidly, to bear, lead, conduct, or drive away; with se or mid. (so esp. freq.), to move or go swiftly, to haste, speed, betake one's self; and of things, to flow, mount, run down.(α).Act.:(β).ubi in rapidas amnis dispeximus undas: Stantis equi corpus transvorsum ferre videtur Vis, et in advorsum flumen contrudere raptim: Et, quocumque oculos trajecimus, omnia ferri Et fluere assimili nobis ratione videntur,
Lucr. 4, 422 sq.:ubi cernimus alta Exhalare vapore altaria, ferreque fumum,
to send up, id. 3, 432; cf.:vis ut vomat ignes, Ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum,
id. 1, 725; and:caelo supinas si tuleris manus,
raisest, Hor. C. 3, 23, 1:te rursus in bellum resorbens Unda fretis tulit aestuosis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 16; cf.:ire, pedes quocumque ferent,
id. Epod. 16, 21; and:me per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,
id. C. 3, 29, 64:signa ferre,
to put the standards in motion, to break up, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40, 12; Liv. 10, 5, 1 al.:pol, si id scissem, numquam huc tetulissem pedem,
have stirred foot, have come, Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:pedem,
Verg. A. 2, 756; Val. Fl. 7, 112:gressum,
to walk, Lucr. 4, 681; cf.:agiles gressus,
Sil. 3, 180:vagos gradus,
Ov. M. 7, 185:vestigia,
Sil. 9, 101:vagos cursus,
id. 9, 243.— Absol.:quo ventus ferebat,
bore, drove, Caes. B. G. 3, 15, 3:interim, si feret flatus, danda sunt vela,
Quint. 10, 3, 7:itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portum ferebant,
led, Caes. B. C. 1, 27, 4:pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,
Liv. 1, 7, 6.—Prov.:in silvam ligna ferre,
to carry coals to Newcastle, Hor. S. 1, 10, 34.—With se or mid., to move or go swiftly, to hasten, rush:2.cum ipsa paene insula mihi sese obviam ferre vellet,
to meet, Cic. Planc. 40, 96; cf.:non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus obvium ferre,
id. Rep. 1, 4:hinc ferro accingor rursus... meque extra tecta ferebam,
Verg. A. 2, 672; 11, 779:grassatorum plurimi palam se ferebant,
Suet. Aug. 32.—Of things as subjects:ubi forte ita se tetulerunt semina aquarum,
i. e. have collected themselves, Lucr. 6, 672.—Mid.:ad eum omni celeritate et studio incitatus ferebatur,
proceeded, Caes. B. C. 3, 78, 2:alii aliam in partem perterriti ferebantur,
betook themselves, fled, id. B. G. 2, 24, 3:(fera) supra venabula fertur,
rushes, springs, Verg. A. 9, 553:huc juvenis nota fertur regione viarum,
proceeds, id. ib. 11, 530:densos fertur moribundus in hostes,
rushes, id. ib. 2, 511:quocumque feremur, danda vela sunt,
Cic. Or. 23, 75; cf.:non alto semper feremur,
Quint. 12, 10, 37:ego, utrum Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200:non tenui ferar Penna biformis per liquidum aethera Vates,
fly, id. C. 2, 20, 1.—Of inanimate subjects:(corpuscula rerum) ubi tam volucri levitate ferantur,
move, Lucr. 4, 195; cf.:quae cum mobiliter summa levitate feruntur,
id. 4, 745; cf.:tellus neque movetur et infima est, et in eam feruntur omnia nutu suo pondera,
Cic. Rep. 6, 17 fin.:Rhenus longo spatio per fines Nantuatium, etc.... citatus fertur,
flows, Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 3; cf. Hirt. B. [p. 738] G. 8, 40, 3:ut (flamma) ad caelum usque ferretur,
ascended, arose, Suet. Aug. 94.—Rarely ferre = se ferre: quem procul conspiciens ad se ferentem pertimescit,
Nep. Dat. 4 fin. —To carry off, take away by force, as a robber, etc.: to plunder, spoil, ravage:3.alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama,
Verg. A. 2, 374:postquam te (i. e. exstinctum Daphnin) fata tulerunt,
snatched away, id. E. 5, 34. So esp. in the phrase ferre et agere, of taking booty, plundering, where ferre applies to portable things, and agere to men and cattle; v. ago.—To bear, produce, yield:4.plurima tum tellus etiam majora ferebat, etc.,
Lucr. 5, 942 sq.; cf.:quae autem terra fruges ferre, et, ut mater, cibos suppeditare possit,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 67:quem (florem) ferunt terrae solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10:quibus jugera fruges et Cererem ferunt,
id. ib. 3, 24, 13:angulus iste feret piper et thus,
id. Ep. 1, 14, 23:(olea) fructum ramis pluribus feret,
Quint. 8, 3, 10.— Absol.:ferundo arbor peribit,
Cato, R. R. 6, 2.—Of a woman or sheanimal, to bear offspring, be pregnant:5.ignorans nurum ventrem ferre,
Liv. 1, 34, 3;of animals: equa ventrem fert duodecim menses, vacca decem, ovis et capra quinque, sus quatuor,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 19; cf.:cervi octonis mensibus ferunt partus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 112:nec te conceptam saeva leaena tulit,
Tib. 3, 4, 90.— Poet.:quem tulerat mater claro Phoenissa Laconi,
i. e. had borne, Sil. 7, 666.—To offer as an oblation:6.liba et Mopsopio dulcia melle feram,
Tib. 1, 7, 54; so,liba,
id. 1, 10, 23:lancesque et liba Baccho,
Verg. G. 2, 394:tura superis, altaribus,
Ov. M. 11, 577.—To get, receive, acquire, obtain, as gain, a reward, a possession, etc.:II.quod posces, feres,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 106; cf.: quodvis donum et praemium a me optato;id optatum feres,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:fructus ex sese (i. e. re publica) magna acerbitate permixtos tulissem,
Cic. Planc. 38, 92:partem praedae,
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,
Juv. 13, 105:coram rege sua de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44.Trop.A.In gen., to bear, carry, bring:B.satis haec tellus morbi caelumque mali fert,
bears, contains, Lucr. 6, 663;veterrima quaeque, ut ea vina, quae vetustatem ferunt, esse debent suavissima,
which carry age, are old, Cic. Lael. 19, 67:scripta vetustatem si modo nostra ferent,
will have, will attain to, Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 8:nomen alicujus,
to bear, have, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; cf.:insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 15:nomen,
Suet. Aug. 101; id. Calig. 47:cognomen,
id. Aug. 43; id. Galb. 3; cf.:ille finis Appio alienae personae ferendae fuit,
of bearing an assumed character, Liv. 3, 36, 1:Archimimus personam ejus ferens,
personating, Suet. Vesp. 19; cf.also: (Garyophyllon) fert et in spinis piperis similitudinem,
Plin. 12, 7, 15, § 30: fer mi auxilium, bring assistance, aid, help, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 29 (Trag. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:alicui opem auxiliumque ferre,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:auxilium alicui,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 115; Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19; Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5; 4, 12, 5; Hor. Epod. 1, 21 et saep.: opem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 86 ed. Vahl.):opem alicui,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 23; Ter. And. 3, 1, 15; id. Ad. 3, 4, 41; Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3 (with succurrere saluti); id. Fin. 2, 35, 118 (with salutem); id. Fam. 5, 4, 2:subsidium alicui,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 2:condicionem,
to proffer, id. ib. 4, 11, 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:Coriolanus ab sede sua cum ferret matri obviae complexum,
offered, Liv. 2, 40, 5:si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,
will bring, procure, Verg. A. 10, 792:ea vox audita laborum Prima tulit finem,
id. ib. 7, 118: suspicionem falsam, to entertain suspicion, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5 (Trag. v. 348 ed. Vahl.).—In partic.1.(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To move, to bring, lead, conduct, drive, raise:2.quem tulit ad scenam ventoso gloria curru,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 177; so,animi quaedam ingenita natura... recta nos ad ea, quae conveniunt causae, ferant,
Quint. 5, 10, 123; cf. absol.:nisi illud, quod eo, quo intendas, ferat deducatque, cognoris,
Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 135:exstincti ad caelum gloria fertur,
Lucr. 6, 8; cf.:laudibus aliquem in caelum ferre,
to extol, praise, Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 99; Suet. Otho, 12; id. Vesp. 6:eam pugnam miris laudibus,
Liv. 7, 10, 14; cf.:saepe rem dicendo subiciet oculis: saepe supra feret quam fieri possit,
wilt exalt, magnify, Cic. Or. 40, 139:ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,
Liv. 4, 5, 6:ferre in majus vero incertas res fama solet,
id. 21, 32, 7:crudelitate et scelere ferri,
to be impelled, carried away, Cic. Clu. 70, 199:praeceps amentia ferebare,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121; cf.:ferri avaritia,
id. Quint. 11, 38:orator suo jam impetu fertur,
Quint. 12 praef. §3: eloquentia, quae cursu magno sonituque ferretur,
Cic. Or. 28, 97; cf.:(eloquentia) feratur non semitis sed campis,
Quint. 5, 14, 31:oratio, quae ferri debet ac fluere,
id. 9, 4, 112; cf.:quae (historia) currere debet ac ferri,
id. 9, 4, 18; so often: animus fert (aliquem aliquo), the mind moves one to any thing:quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt,
Sall. J. 54, 4; cf.:milites procurrentes consistentesque, quo loco ipsorum tulisset animus,
Liv. 25, 21, 5; and:qua quemque animus fert, effugite superbiam regiam,
id. 40, 4, 14:si maxime animus ferat,
Sall. C. 58, 6; cf. Ov. M. 1, 775.—With an object-clause, the mind moves one to do any thing, Ov. M. 1, 1; Luc. 1, 67; Suet. Otho, 6; cf.also: mens tulit nos ferro exscindere Thebas,
Stat. Th. 4, 753.—(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To carry off, take away:3.omnia fert aetas, animum quoque,
Verg. E. 9, 51:postquam te fata tulerunt,
id. ib. 5, 34:invida Domitium fata tulere sibi,
Anthol. Lat. 4, 123, 8;like efferre,
to carry forth to burial, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 89.—(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To bear, bring forth, produce:4.haec aetas prima Athenis oratorem prope perfectum tulit,
Cic. Brut. 12, 45:aetas parentum, pejor avis, tulit Nos nequiores,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 46:Curium tulit et Camillum Saeva paupertas,
id. ib. 1, 12, 42.—(Acc. to I. B. 6.) To bear away, to get, obtain, receive:5. a.Cotta et Sulpicius omnium judicio facile primas tulerunt,
Cic. Brut. 49, 183:palmam,
to carry off, win, id. Att. 4, 15, 6:victoriam ex inermi,
to gain, Liv. 39, 51, 10; 2, 50, 2; 8, 8, 18:gratiam et gloriam annonae levatae,
id. 4, 12, 8:maximam laudem inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 4:centuriam, tribus,
i. e. to get their votes, Cic. Planc. 20, 49; 22, 53; id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:suffragia,
Suet. Caes. 13 (diff. from 8. a.):responsum ab aliquo,
to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:repulsam a populo,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 54:repulsam,
id. de Or. 2, 69 fin.; id. Phil. 11, 8, 19; id. Att. 5, 19 al.: calumniam, i. e. to be convicted of a false accusation, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1:ita ut filius partem dimidiam hereditatis ferat,
Gai. Inst. 3, 8:singulas portiones,
id. ib. 3, 16; 61.—To bear in any manner.(α).With acc.: servi injurias nimias aegre ferunt, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:(β).(onus senectutis) modice ac sapienter sicut omnia ferre,
Cic. de Sen. 1, 2:aegre ferre repulsam consulatus,
id. Tusc. 4, 17, 40:hoc moderatiore animo ferre,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:aliquid toleranter,
id. ib. 4, 6, 2:clementer,
id. Att. 6, 1, 3:quod eo magis ferre animo aequo videmur, quia, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 126:ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 17.—With an object-clause:(γ).ut si quis aegre ferat, se pauperem esse,
take it ill, Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:hoc ereptum esse, graviter et acerbe ferre,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:quomodo ferant veterani, exercitum Brutum habere,
id. Phil. 10, 7, 15.—With de:(δ).de Lentulo scilicet sic fero, ut debeo,
Cic. Att. 4, 6, 1:quomodo Caesar ferret de auctoritate perscripta,
id. ib. 5, 2, 3:numquid moleste fers de illo, qui? etc.,
id. ib. 6, 8, 3.—Absol.:b. (α).sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,
Cic. Att. 1, 2, 1:si mihi imposuisset aliquid, animo iniquo tulissem,
id. ib. 15, 26, 4.—With acc.: quis hanc contumeliam, quis hoc imperium, quis hanc servitutem ferre potest? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:(β).qui potentissimorum hominum contumaciam numquam tulerim, ferrem hujus asseclae?
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6:cujus desiderium civitas ferre diutius non potest,
id. Phil. 10, 10, 21:cogitandi non ferebat laborem,
id. Brut. 77, 268:unum impetum nostrorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 3:vultum atque aciem oculorum,
id. ib. 1, 39, 1:cohortatio gravior quam aures Sulpicii ferre didicissent,
to hear unmoved, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:vultum,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 121:multa tulit fecitque puer, sudavit et alsit,
id. A. P. 413:spectatoris fastidia,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 215:fuisse (Epaminondam) patientem suorumque injurias ferentem civium,
Nep. Epam. 7.—Of personal objects:quem ferret, si parentem non ferret suum?
brook, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 28:optimates quis ferat, qui, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 33:vereor, ut jam nos ferat quisquam,
Quint. 8, 3, 25:an laturi sint Romani talem regem,
id. 7, 1, 24:quis enim ferat puerum aut adolescentulum, si, etc.,
id. 8, 5, 8.—With an object-clause:(γ).ferunt aures hominum, illa... laudari,
Cic. de Or. 2, 84, 344:non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes,
Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Ov. M. 2, 628:illa quidem in hoc opere praecipi quis ferat?
Quint. 11, 3, 27; 11, 1, 69:servo nubere nympha tuli,
Ov. H. 5, 12; cf.:alios vinci potuisse ferendum est,
id. M. 12, 555. —With quod:6.quod rapta, feremus, dummodo reddat eam,
Ov. M. 5, 520:illud non ferendum, quod, etc.,
Quint. 11, 3, 131. —With the access, notion of publicity, to make public, to disclose, show, exhibit:b.eum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,
Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:laetitiam apertissime tulimus omnes,
id. Att. 14, 13, 2:neque id obscure ferebat nec dissimulare ullo modo poterat,
id. Clu. 19, 54:haud clam tulit iram adversus praetorem,
Liv. 31, 47, 4; cf.:tacite ejus verecundiam non tulit senatus, quin, etc.,
id. 5, 28, 1.—Prae se ferre, to show, manifest, to let be seen, to declare:7.cujus rei tantae facultatem consecutum esse me, non profiteor: secutum me esse, prae me fero,
Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 12:noli, quaeso, prae te ferre, vos plane expertes esse doctrinae,
id. ib. 2, 18, 47:non mediocres terrores... prae se fert et ostentat,
id. Att. 2, 23, 3:hanc virtutem prae se ferunt,
Quint. 2, 13, 11:liberalium disciplinarum prae se scientiam tulit,
id. 12, 11, 21:magnum animum (verba),
id. 11, 1, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. subjects:(comae) turbatae prae se ferre aliquid affectus videntur,
Quint. 11, 3, 148:oratio prae se fert felicissimam facilitatem,
id. 10, 1, 11.—Of speech, to report, relate, make known, assert, celebrate:b.haec omnibus ferebat sermonibus,
Caes. B. C. 2, 17, 2:alii alia sermonibus ferebant Romanos facturos,
Liv. 33, 32, 3:ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,
id. 4, 5, 6:patres ita fama ferebant, quod, etc.,
id. 23, 31, 13; cf. with acc.:hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 149:famam,
id. Pers. 3, 1, 23:fama eadem tulit,
Tac. A. 1, 5; cf. id. ib. 15, 60:nec aliud per illos dies populus credulitate, prudentes diversa fama, tulere,
talk about, id. ib. 16, 2:inimici famam non ita, ut nata est, ferunt,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 23:quod fers, cedo,
tell, say, Ter. Ph. 5, 6, 17:nostra (laus) semper feretur et praedicabitur, etc.,
Cic. Arch. 9, 21.—With an object-clause:cum ipse... acturum se id per populum aperte ferret,
Liv. 28, 40, 2; id. ib. §1: saepe homines morbos magis esse timendos ferunt quam Tartara leti,
Lucr. 3, 42:Prognen ita velle ferebat,
Ov. M. 6, 470; 14, 527:ipsi territos se ferebant,
Tac. H. 4, 78; id. A. 4, 58; 6, 26 (32); cf.:mihi fama tulit fessum te caede procubuisse, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 503:commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant, Macronem praesedisse, etc.,
Tac. A. 6, 47 (53).—Ferunt, fertur, feruntur, etc., they relate, tell, say; it is said, it appears, etc.—With inf.:c.quin etiam Xenocratem ferunt, cum quaereretur ex eo, etc... respondisse, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2:fuisse quendam ferunt Demaratum, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 19:quem ex Hyperboreis Delphos ferunt advenisse,
id. N. D. 3, 23, 57; Hor. C. 3, 17, 2:homo omnium in dicendo, ut ferebant, accrrimus et copiosissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:Ceres fertur fruges... mortalibus instituisse,
Lucr. 5, 14:in Syria quoque fertur item locus esse, etc.,
id. 6, 755:is Amulium regem interemisse fertur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 3:qui in contione dixisse fertur,
id. ib. 2, 10 fin.:quam (urbem) Juno fertur terris omnibus unam coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15:non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris,
you were accounted, held, Hor. C. 2, 19, 27:si ornate locutus est, sicut fertur et mihi videtur,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 49; cf.: cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas florente [p. 739] Academia, ut temporibus illis ferebatur, id. ib. § 45.—To give out, to pass off a person or thing by any name or for any thing; and, in the pass., to pass for any thing, to pass current:8.hunc (Mercurium) omnium inventorem artium ferunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1:ut Servium conditorem posteri fama ferrent,
Liv. 1, 42, 4:qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,
set himself up for, boast, Vell. 1, 11, 1:avum M. Antonium, avunculum Augustum ferens,
boasting of, Tac. A. 2, 43; cf.:qui ingenuum se et Lachetem mutato nomine coeperat ferre,
Suet. Vesp. 23:ante Periclem, cujus scripta quaedam feruntur,
Cic. Brut. 7, 27 (quoted paraphrastically, Quint. 3, 1, 12): sub nomine meo libri ferebantur artis rhetoricae, Quint. prooem. 7; cf.:cetera, quae sub nomine meo feruntur,
id. 7, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Aug. 31; id. Caes. 20:multa ejus (Catonis) vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6:qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur,
Nep. Att. 1, 3.—Polit. and jurid. t. t.a.Suffragium or sententiam, to give in one's vote, to vote, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1; cf.:b.ferunt suffragia,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7:de quo foedere populus Romanus sententiam non tulit,
id. Balb. 15, 34; cf.:de quo vos (judices) sententiam per tabellam feretis,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 104;so of the voting of judges,
id. Clu. 26, 72;of senators: parcite, ut sit qui in senatu de bello et pace sententiam ferat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76; cf. id. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—Legem (privilegium, rogationem) ad populum, or absol., to bring forward or move a proposition, to propose a law, etc.:c.perniciose Philippus in tribunatu, cum legem agrariam ferret, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73; cf. id. Sull. 23, 65:quae lex paucis his annis lata esset,
id. Corn. 1, 3 (vol. xi. p. 10 B. and K.):familiarissimus tuus de te privilegium tulit, ut, etc.,
id. Par. 4, 32:Sullam illam rogationem de se nolle ferri (shortly before: Lex ferri coepta),
id. Sull. 23, 65:rogationem de aliquo, contra or in aliquem, ad populum, ad plebem,
id. Balb. 14, 33; id. Clu. 51, 140; id. Brut. 23, 89; Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4; Liv. 33, 25, 7:nescis, te ipsum ad populum tulisse, ut, etc.,
proposed a bill, Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 100:ut P. Scaevola tribunus plebis ferret ad plebem, vellentne, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54; cf. Liv. 33, 25, 6:quod Sulla ipse ita tulit de civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 35, 102:nihil de judicio ferebat,
id. Sull. 22, 63:cum, ut absentis ratio haberetur, ferebamus,
id. Att. 7, 6, 2.— Impers.:lato ut solet ad populum, ut equum escendere liceret,
Liv. 23, 14, 2. —Judicem, said of the plaintiff, to offer or propose to the defendant as judge:9.quem ego si ferrem judicem, refugere non deberet,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; id. de Or. 2, 70, 285.—Hence, judicem alicui, in gen., to propose a judge to, i. e. to bring a suit against, to sue a person:se iterum ac saepius judicem illi ferre,
Liv. 3, 57, 5; 3, 24, 5; 8, 33, 8.—Mercant. t. t., to enter, to set or note down a sum in a book:10.quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum rettulit, quam Verres illi expensum tulerit, etc.,
i. e. has set down as paid, has paid, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 sq., v. expendo.—Absol., of abstr. subjects, to require, demand, render necessary; to allow, permit, suffer:ita sui periculi rationes ferre ac postulare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 105; cf.:gravioribus verbis uti, quam natura fert,
id. Quint. 18, 57: quid ferat Fors, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. 203 ed. Vahl.):quamdiu voluntas Apronii tulit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:ut aetas illa fert,
as is usual at that time of life, id. Clu. 60, 168:ad me, ut tempora nostra, non ut amor tuus fert, vere perscribe,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5:quod ita existimabam tempora rei publicae ferre,
id. Pis. 2, 5:si ita commodum vestrum fert,
id. Agr. 2, 28, 77:prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:si vestra voluntas feret,
if such be your pleasure, id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:ut opinio et spes et conjectura nostra fert,
according to our opinion, hope, and belief, id. Att. 2, 25, 2:ut mea fert opinio,
according to my opinion, id. Clu. 16, 46: si occasio tulerit, if occasion require, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:dum tempus ad eam rem tulit, sivi, animum ut expleret suum,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 17: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu perspicies, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,
id. Rep. 6, 18.— Impers.:sociam se cujuscumque fortunae, et, si ita ferret, comitem exitii promittebat (sc. res or fortuna),
Tac. A. 3, 15; so,si ita ferret,
id. H. 2, 44. -
14 contra
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
15 contra dicta
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
16 praeoccupo
praeoccupo, āre, āvi, ātum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] occuper avant un autre, occuper le premier, s'emparer le premier, envahir d'avance. [st2]2 [-] au fig. préoccuper (l'esprit), prévenir, gagner d'avance. [st2]3 [-] prévenir, devancer, prendre les devants, prendre l'initiative. - praeoccupare locum, Liv.: prendre position. - Macedoniam preoccupare destinavit, Nep. Eum. 2, 4: il se proposa de s'emparer de la Macédoine. - partes alterius praeoccupare, Cic.: empiéter sur les fonctions de qqn. - legem de multarum aestimatione ipsi praeoccupaverunt ferre, Liv. 4, 30, 3: ils se hâtèrent de présenter une loi relative au montant des amendes. - apparuit tribunis praeoccupatis beneficio animis vero crimini locum, Liv. 6, 20, 10: les tribuns comprirent que, chez des gens gagnés d'avance par une reconnaissance, ce ne serait pas du tout le moment (favorable) pour un juste verdict.* * *praeoccupo, āre, āvi, ātum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] occuper avant un autre, occuper le premier, s'emparer le premier, envahir d'avance. [st2]2 [-] au fig. préoccuper (l'esprit), prévenir, gagner d'avance. [st2]3 [-] prévenir, devancer, prendre les devants, prendre l'initiative. - praeoccupare locum, Liv.: prendre position. - Macedoniam preoccupare destinavit, Nep. Eum. 2, 4: il se proposa de s'emparer de la Macédoine. - partes alterius praeoccupare, Cic.: empiéter sur les fonctions de qqn. - legem de multarum aestimatione ipsi praeoccupaverunt ferre, Liv. 4, 30, 3: ils se hâtèrent de présenter une loi relative au montant des amendes. - apparuit tribunis praeoccupatis beneficio animis vero crimini locum, Liv. 6, 20, 10: les tribuns comprirent que, chez des gens gagnés d'avance par une reconnaissance, ce ne serait pas du tout le moment (favorable) pour un juste verdict.* * *Praeoccupo, praeoccupas, pen. corr. praeoccupare. Caesar. S'advancer de soy saisir de quelque chose avant qu'un autre, Preoccuper, Anticiper, Prevenir.\Praeoccupauit animos timor. Caes. Surprint.\Praeoccupare partes alterius. Cic. S'advancer de faire ce qu'un autre debvoit faire.\Praeoccupauit ferre legem. Liu. Il prevint un autre Magistrat qui vouloit porter une loy au peuple, et la luy faire accepter. -
17 Gesetz
Gesetz, I) im allg.: lex (z.B. Demosthenespaene lex orandi fuit: u. lex naturae: u. lex vitae od. vivendi). – regula, für etwas, alcis rei od. ad quam alqd dirigitur (die Richtschnur, Regel für etwas, nie ohne den Zus. dessen, für den od. für welche Sache die Richtschnur besteht). – norma (die festgesetzte Norm, von der man nicht abgehen darf; sowohl reg. als norma nur im Sing.); verb. norma et regula, für jmd., alcis (z.B. Demosthenes norma oratoris [1095] et regula: u. norma naturae, rationis). – die ewigen Gesetze der Natur, leges aeternae, quibus a deo reguntur omnia: es ist den göttlichen (natürlichen) und menschlichen Gesetzen gemäß, est fas et ius; est ius fasque; es ist den göttlichen u. Naturgesetzen zuwider, non fas est: das G. der Menschlichkeit, humanitas. – sich zum G. machen, sibi legem statuere, scribere; sibi imperare. – II) insbes.: lex (von der Staatsgewalt förmlich ausgesprochene Verordnung, selten, wie unser »Gesetz«, auch prägn. für den Inbegriff aller Gesetze, wofür im Latein. gew. der Plur. leges od. [als der auf dem Gesetz beruhende Inbegriff des Rechts] ius steht). – praeceptum (Vorschrift eines Obern etc.). – ein G. gegen die Giftmischerei, lex, quae venena coërcet: die bestehenden Gesetze, leges et instituta. – ein G. entwerfen, legem meditari (in Gedanken); legem condere, scribere, conscribere (ein G. verfassen, abfassen): ein G. geben über etw., legem iubere od. sciscere de re (v. Volke); legem od. lege sancire de re (vom Volke u. Senate): das G. geben, daß od. daß nicht, durch ein G. gebieten, verbieten, daß etc., ferre legem, ut od. ne m. Konj.; lege sancire, ut od. ne mit Konj.; sciscere et iubere, ut od. ne mit Konj. (vom Volke): für jmd. das G. geben od. es jmdm. zum G. machen, daß er etc., legem alci constituere, ut etc.: Gesetze machen, feststellen, bestimmen, für ein Land (Volk), einem Lande (Volke) wirklich G. geben, leges dare, constituere alci civitati od. populo (dare bes. von einem Machthaber etc.): jmdm. Gesetze vorschreiben, leges alci dicere od. scribere; praecepta componere alci (z.B. saeculo): sich von jmd. Gesetze vorschreiben lassen, leges accipere ab alqo: seine eigenen Gesetze haben, legibus suis uti: etw. zum G! erheben, sub legis vincula conicere alqd: ein G. abschaffen, aufheben, s. aufheben no. IV, b. – nach dem G., lege, legibus, ex lege, ex legibus (infolge des G.); per legem (auf dem Wege des G.); legis permissu (mit Erlaubnis des G.). – alle Bürger sind vor dem G. gleich, omnes cives legibus tenentur omnibus.
-
18 fero
fero, tulī, lātum, ferre ( altindisch bhárati, trägt, griech. φέρω, gotisch bairan, das Perf. tuli [vorklass. auch redupliziert tetuli] v. veralteten tulo [w. vgl.], das Supin. latum eig. tlatum, v. alten tlao, τλάω), tragen, I) im allg., etwas Tragbares tragen, tragend bringen, 1) eig.: a) mit vorherrsch. Begr. des Tragens: onus, Ter. (u. so accommodatum od. aptum esse oneri ferundo, Solin. u. Capit.): alqd umeris, Hor. u. Petron.: arma in sarcinis, Curt.: alqm super arma, Verg.: puerum prae se, Suet. – faces in Capitolium, Cic.: puerum circa iudices, Quint.: lecticā ferri per oppidum, Cic., in Capitolium, Suet.: alqm ex proelio, Liv. – So nun α) am Körper tragen, an sich tragen, personam, s. persōna: cervice iugum, Hor.: aure duos lapides, Ov.: census corpore suos (sein ganzes Vermögen), Ov. – β) von Schwangern, ventrem, den Leib tragen, schwanger gehen od. sein, Liv., trächtig sein, von Tieren, Varro. – ebenso partum (Leibesfrucht) octonis mensibus, v. Tieren, Plin.: alqm, mit einem schwanger gehen, Tibull.: poet., alqm alci, jmd. einem gebären, Sil. – γ) als milit. t. t.: arma ferre posse, waffenfähig sein, Caes.: arma contra alqm, Caes. u. Cic., adversus alqm, Nep., in alqm, Liv., u. (poet.) alci, Sil., gegen jmd. ziehen. – signa in hostem, losgehen auf usw., Liv.: signa infesta ad urbem Romam, Liv.: quā impetum tulisset, sich mit seinem Angriff gewendet hatte, Iustin. b) mit vorherrsch. Begr. des Bringens, bringen = herbeibringen, hinbringen, überbringen, darbringen, venenum, Liv.: argentum ad alqm, Plaut.: pisciculos alci, Ter.: alqd a domo ad alqm, Liv. – alci praemia, Verg.: alci osculum, geben, Ov.: alci complexum, jmd. umarmen wollen, Liv. – signa, Zeichen geben, Verg. – u. bes., wie φέρειν, eine Abgabe, Gabe, ein Opfer bringen, darbringen, entrichten, alci tributum, Liv. u. Curt., tributa, Ov. (griech. φόρον, φόρους φέρειν): u. als t. t. der Religionsspr., liba Baccho, Verg.: sacra divis, Verg.: crinem Diti, weihen, Verg.: suprema cineri, die letzte Ehre erweisen, Verg.
2) übtr.: a) mit vorherrsch. Begr. des Tragens: α) übh. tragen, führen, aufweisen, aufzuweisen haben, nomen Aemilii Pauli, Liv.: avum Marcum Antonium, Tac. – nomen iniqui, Hor., cognomen Torquati, Suet.: imaginem alcis, jmds. Bild (Gestalt) an sich tragen, sich fälschlich ausgeben für jmd., Plaut. (s. Lorenz Plaut. mil. 151). – alqm in oculis od. bl. oculis, jmd. überaus lieben, Cic. – prae se alqd od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., an den Tag legen, zeigen, merken lassen, zu erkennen geben (Ggstz. dissimulare), Cic. u.a.: ebenso eam laudem cognomine ipso, zur Schau tragen, erkennen lassen, Cic.: u. f. paulo apertius, apertissime alqd (dolorem, laetitiam), etwas offener, ganz offen zeigen, zur Schau tragen, Cic.: u. vultu f. laetitiam, Tac.: patrium nitorem ore, Ov.: u. der Ggstz. obscure f. (heimlich halten) et dissimulare, Cic., u. clam f., verhehlen, Liv. – ut se fert ipse, wie er sich selbst gibt, Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 4, 2. – β) etw. tragen, ertragen, erdulden, sich gefallen lassen, hinnehmen, aushalten, miserias, Ter.: contumaciam alcis, Cic.: impetum, Caes.: u. als t. t. des Landbaues, vetustatem, das Alter vertragen, sich lange halten, v. Weine, Cic., übtr., v. Schriften, Ov. – mit pers. Objj., optimates quis ferat? Cic.: fer me! Ter.: non ferrem te, Quint.: non tulit hunc, konnte ihm nicht widerstehen, Nep.: quem ferret si parentem ferret non suum, ertragen, sich nicht widersetzen, Ter. – m. folg. Infin., servo nubere nympha tuli, Ov. her. 5, 12. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ferunt aures hominum, illa... laudari, Cic. de or. 2, 344: illa praecipi quis ferat? Quint. 11, 3, 27: u. so Ov. met. 12, 555 u.a.: nach non ferre, Hor. epod. 15, 13. Ov. met. 2, 628: m. folg. quod (daß), Ov. met. 5, 525: u. so non ferendum est, quod etc., Quint. 11, 3, 131. – per alqm non ferre m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Cic. Quinct. 99. – absol., non feram, non patiar, non sinam, ich kann's, ich will's, ich darf's nicht dulden, Cic. Cat. 1, 10. – dah. m. Advv. u. dgl. = irgendwie tragen, ertragen, aufnehmen, alqd aegre, moleste, graviter molesteque, Cic.: anxie, Sall. u.a.: aequo od. (im Ggstz.) iniquo animo, Cic.: facile, clementer, fortiter ac sapienter u. dgl., Cic.: quam rem nobilitas aegerrime tulit, und das hat den Adel höchlich verdrossen, Sall. – mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., graviter sibi dari uxorem ferunt, Ter.: si quis aegre ferat se pauperem esse, Cic. – alqd tacite non ferre m. folg. quin u. Konj., Liv. 5, 28, 1. – m. de u. Abl., moleste fers de illo, Cic. – Partiz. non ferendus, unerträglich, unzulässig, unstatthaft, facinus, Cic.: lex, Cic.: non ferendum m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. u. Plin. – b) m. vorherrsch. Begr. des Bringens, α) (= afferre, offerre) übh. bringen, herbeibringen, -führen, darbringen, = bieten, opem, auxilium, opem auxiliumque, Cic.: caput luendae sponsionis causā, Liv.: poet., alci fidem (Glauben), schenken, beimessen, Verg. – ebenso einen Zustand, bes. einen üblen, bringen, herbeiführen, bereiten (vgl. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 744. Weißenb. Liv. 23, 9, 5), finem alci rei u. alcis rei, Verg.: alci luctum lacrimasque, Liv.: alci fallaciam, mit Lug u. Trug vorgehen gegen jmd., Plaut.: fraudem, eine Tücke anrichten (Ggstz. vitare), Liv.: alci fraudem, Nachteile bringen (v. einem Umstand), Cic.: perniciem alci cum scelere, Liv. – β) mündlich bringen, d.i. αα) mündlich od. schriftlich übh. hinterbringen, vorbringen, melden, berichten, quod fers, cedo, Ter.: si vera fero, Verg.: f. responsa Turno, Verg.: nec aliud per illos dies populus credulitate, prudentes diversā famā tulere, es war das Einzige, wovon in diesen Tagen das V. im Glauben daran und die Unterrichteten im entgegengesetzten Sinne sprachen, Tac. ann. 16, 2, 2. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Ov. met. 6, 470 u. 14, 527. Tac. ann. 4, 58; 6, 26; hist. 4, 78: u. so mihi fama tulit m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Verg. Aen. 6, 503: commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Tac. ann. 6, 47. – ββ) mündlich darbringen, preces Iunoni, Verg.: dis vota precesque, Sil. – dah. anbieten, antragen, alqam (zur Frau), Cic.: condicionem eam ferre (stellen) misero, ut etc., Cic.: condiciones tristes f., Liv. – γγ) bes. die publiz. u. jurist. t. t.: suffragium, seine Stimme abgeben, in den Komitien, Cic.: ebenso sententiam de etc., v. Volke u. v. den Richtern, Cic. – legem f., ein Gesetz vorschlagen, einen Antrag, Vorschlag machen, Cic., de alqa re, Cic., od. ut etc., Vell., od. m. folg. bl. Coniunctiv, Vell.: ebenso privilegium de alqo, Cic.: rogationem de alqo, contra od. in alqm, ad populum, in plebem, Cic., Caes. u. Liv.: u. bl. ferre ad populum, ut etc., Cic.: ferre ad plebem, vellent iuberentne etc., Liv.: u. bl. ferre de alqa re od. ut etc., Cic.: nihil de me tulisti, quo minus essem in civium numero, du hast keinen förmlichen Antrag gestellt, mich von der Z. der B. auszuschließen, Cic. de domo 82. – impers., lato ad populum, ut etc., Liv. 23, 14, 2. – (alci) iudicem, vom Kläger, dem Verklagten einen Richter vorschlagen, Cic. (vgl. quem tibi meorum suppliciorum iudicem feram, Liv.); u. übtr., jmd. verklagen übh., Liv. – γ) v. Abstr., mit sich bringen, erfordern, verlangen, erheischen, bestimmen, gestatten, quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime optimeque perspicies, Cic.: quae fert adulescentia, Ter.: ut aetas illa fert, Cic.: ut natura fert, Ter.: ut mea fert opinio, Cic.: ut opinio et spes fert, Cic.: quantum mea opinio fert, Apul.: si ita res feret, wenn es so sein muß, Cic.: si vestra voluntas feret, Cic.: natura fert... ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent, Cic.: hoc totum si vobis versutius, quam mea consuetudo defendendi fert, videbitur, Cic.
II) insbes.: A) ins Hausbuch eintragen, f. acceptum (accepto), expensum, s. ac-cipiono. I, A, a, α, u. expendo no. II, B, 1.
B) schriftlich od. mündlich 1) etw. umhertragen, -bieten, verbreiten, überall-, oft von etw. reden, im Passiv umhergeboten werden, im Umlauf sein, in aller Leute Händen od. Munde sein, a) schriftlich: cuius scripta feruntur, Cic. – b) mündlich: inimici famam non ita, ut nata est, ferunt, verbreiten, Plaut.: hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt? Plaut.: vestrum iter ac reditum omnia saecula laudibus ferent, werden preisen, Liv.: sermonibus bella, Liv.: f. haec omnibus sermonibus, Caes.: tanto opere ferri, Cic.: vulgo ferebantur versus, Suet.: fertur imprimis (hoc dictum), Ter. – 2) aussprechen, aussagen, äußern, erklären, vorgeben, erwähnen, angeben, mitteilen, von etw. sprechen, etw. besprechen, si vera feram, Verg.: eam rem vulgo, Liv.: homines ferunt mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Lucr. 3, 41 sq.: haud dubie ferebant m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sie erklärten unzweideutig, Liv. 22, 14. 15. – dah. ferunt u. Passiv fertur, feruntur, man berichtet, -erzählt, man s pricht davon, man behauptet allgemein, es soll, ferunt (ferebant, ferent) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 57. Liv. 1, 4, 5. Vell. 1, 4, 1. Catull. 2, 11. Verg. Aen. 2, 230: fertur u. feruntur mit folg. Nom. u. Infin., Cic. de sen. 8; de rep. 2, 20 u. ö. Sall. Iug. 30, 2. Vell. 1, 8, 2. Acc. tr. 669. Lucr. 5, 14. Catull. 64, 19. Verg. Aen. 1, 15. Hor. carm. 1, 7, 23: fertur m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Capit. Anton. phil. 28, 10. Dict. 4, 21. – u. fertur alqs mit folg. quasi u. Konj., Cic. de legg. 3, 30. – parenthet., ut ferebant, sicut fertur, ut temporibus illis ferebatur, Cic. – famā ferre, sich mit dem Gerede tragen, ausstreuen, sich allgemein dahin aussprechen, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Verg. Aen. 7, 765. Liv. 23, 31, 13 u. 28, 40, 1. – u. fama fert (es geht das Gerede) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Liv. 2, 7, 6. Tac. ann. 1, 5 extr.: parenthet., sicut fama fert (geht), Liv.: ita fama ferebat, Ov. – u. ferre mit dopp. Acc., für od. als den u. den ausgeben, angeben, erklären, rühmen (s. M. Müller Liv. praef. § 7. Fabri Liv. 21, 41, 7. Weißenb. Liv. 37, 45, 5), ferre alqm inventorem omnium artium, Caes.: Servium conditorem famā f., Liv.: si te petitorem fero, Cic.: se belli ducem potiorem f., Liv.: se Philippum, Vell.: im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur, wurde als ausgezeichnet unter seinen A. gerühmt, Nep. Att. 1, 3
C) im Geiste od. Gemüte tragen, überdenken, bedenken, überlegen, als etw. ansehen, beurteilen, dice, quid fers, Plaut.: homo semper in se aliud fert, in alterum aliud cogitat, Syri sent.: id consilio ante ferre debemus, vorausbedenken, Cic. ep. 5, 16, 6 (C. F. W. Müller liest ›anteferre‹): utcumque ferent ea facta minores, Verg.: ne id ipsum, quod consultationi reliquerant, pro praeiudicato ferret, Liv. – m. Infin., ad Stygios iterum fero (gedenke) mergere fluctus, Stat. Ach. 1, 134.
D) davontragen, 1) im guten Sinne, a) davontragen, mit hinwegnehmen, bildl., veniam peto feroque, nehme sie gleichs. mit, versichere mich derselben, Liv.: calumniam, den Tadel der Schikane davontr., Cael. b. Cic.: nihil aliud ex certamine, Liv.: alqd tacitum, etwas als verschwiegen mit hinwegn., zB. non tacitum feres, ich werde nicht schweigen, Cic.: ne id quidem ab Turno tacitum tulisse, T. habe auch dazu nicht geschwiegen, Liv.: alqd impune, Caes., od. inultum, Ter., bei etwas ungestraft davonkommen, ungestr. bleiben: u. so non feret, quin vapulet, er wird nicht ohne Schläge wegkommen. Plaut. – b) davontragen = erhalten, erlangen, ernten, quod posces feres, Plaut.: partem praedae, Cic.: fructus ex fortuna, Vell.: fructus ex re publ. uberes, Cic.: victoriam ex alqo, Liv.: gratiam (Dank) alcis rei, Liv.: u. hoc facto haud immeritam laudem gratiamque (und Dank) apud omnes, Liv.: palmam, primas, Cic.: responsum ab alqo, Cic.: poenas, s. poena: ridendo maxima damna feres, Ov. – u. so in den publiz. t. t.: repulsam (a populo), Cic.: suffragia, Suet.: ebenso centuriam, tribus, die Stimmen der Z. usw. erhalten, Cic. – c) von wo entnehmen, feruntur (sie sind entnommen) ex optimis naturae et veritatis exemplis, Cic. de off. 3, 69. – 2) im üblen Sinne, gewaltsam-, raubend u. dgl. hinwegnehmen, hinwegraffen, Pergama, Verg.: te fata tulerunt, Verg. – dah. f. et agere, wegtragen u. wegführen = alles (Tragbare, sowie Menschen und Vieh) als Beute wegführen, Liv. (s. ausführl. ago no. I, 2, c. S. 263 oben): ähnlich rapere et ferre, Verg.
E) tragen = hervorbringen, terra fruges ferre potest, Cic.: absol., ferundo arbor peribit, Cato. – v. Ländern, quae si tulisset Achaia, Plin. ep. – übtr., haec aetas oratorem prope perfectum tulit, Cic.
F) ( wie φέρω) mit vorherrsch. Begriff der Bewegung: 1) tragend in Bewegung setzen, einherbewegen, fortbewegen u. dgl., bes. schnell, rasch dahin tragen, -führen, -treiben, u. ferre se od. medial ferri, sich rasch bewegen, rasch gehen, eilen, stürzen, fahren, springen, rennen usw., v. Lebl. auch fliegen, aufwärts = steigen, abwärts = sich senken, a) eig.: α) act.: fer pedem, profer gradum, Plaut.: quocumque pedes ferent, die Füße tragen, Hor.: ebenso inde domum pedem, den Fuß tragen = gehen, Verg.: numquam huc tetulissem pedem Ter.: qui huc in hanc urbem pedem, nisi hodie, numquam intro tetulit, Plaut. (vgl. Spengel Ter. Andr. 808): contra (entgegen) gradum, Plaut.: gradus ingentes, große Schr. machen, Ov. – signa (milit. t. t.), das Feldzeichen fortbewegen = aufbrechen, abmarschieren, Liv. – ad caelum fulmina, Lucr.: caelo supinas manus, Hor. – in eam partem, quo ventus fert, trägt, führt, Caes.: ventus ferens, ein leicht dahinführender, die Fahrt fördernder Wind, ein Fahrwind, ventus secundus et ferens, günstiger Fahrwind, Sen.: oft Plur. venti ferentes, fördernde, günstige Winde, Plin. pan. u. Ov. – β) refl.: se ferre alci obviam, Cic.: se extra tecta f., Verg.: qui se ferebat, der sich im stolzen Gange schwang, Verg.: ad se ferentem (sc. se) pertimescit, den auf sich losstürzenden, Nep.: palam se f., sich öffentlich zeigen, Suet.: dah. se f. alqm, sich zeigen, öffentlich auftreten als usw., se suasorem, Liv.: libertum se populi Romani, Liv.: se consulem, Tac.: quem sese ore ferens, Verg.: ingentem sese clamore ferebat, großmächtig brüstete er sich mit G., Verg. – γ) medial: ad alqm omni celeritate ferri, Caes.: cursu in hostem ferri, Liv.: quocumque feremur, wohin uns die Flut führt, Cic.: ferri pennā per aethera, Hor.: ferri equis, Verg.: saltu super venabula ferri, springen, Verg. – classis interrita fertur, segelt dahin, Verg.: Rhenus citatus fertur per etc., strömt rasch, Caes.: sanguis fertur a faucibus, ex pulmone, Cels.: stellae circa terram feruntur, Cic.: deorsum ferri, Cic.: vitis ad terram fertur, senkt sich, Cic.: fumus ad caelum usque fertur, Suet. – b) übtr.: quem tulit ad scaenam ventoso gloria curru, Hor.: alcis gloria ad caelum fertur, Lucr.: alqm in od. ad caelum laudibus, erheben, Cic. u. Liv.: ebenso alqm laudibus, Cic. u. Liv., summis laudibus, Nep.: alqd miris laudibus, Liv., alqm praecipuā laude, Nep. – rem supra ferre quam fieri potest, über die Grenzen des Möglichen erheben, vergrößern, Cic.: famā incerta in maius ferri solent, vergrößert zu werden, Liv. – Demosthenes saepe in eam partem ferebatur oratione (ging in seinen Behauptungen so weit), ut etc., Cic.: omni cogitatione ferri ad alqd, alle seine Gedanken richten auf usw., Nep. – eloquentia, quae cursu magno sonituque fertur, daherfährt, Cic.: orator suo iam impetu fertur, wird fortgerissen, Quint.: quia proclivi ad eas perturbationes, non quia semper feruntur, weil sie leicht, nicht weil sie immer fortgerissen werden, Cic. – v. Lust u. Neigung, treiben, quo cuiusque animus fert, eo discedunt, Sall.: istuc mens animusque fert, Hor.: u. fert animus m. folg. Infin., Suet. Oth. 6, 1. Ov. met. 1. 1 u.a. Dichter (s. Drak. Sil. 16, 294): si maxime animus ferat (sc. diutius in his locis esse), wenn noch so sehr die Lust sich regte, Sall. Cat. 58, 6. – ähnlich ferri alqā re, von einer Leidenschaft hingerissen werden, sich hinreißen lassen, beseelt sein, zB. crudelitate et scelere, Cic.: avaritiā, Cic.: tanto odio ferri in Ciceronem, ut etc., Nep. – 2) zu einem Ziele führen, v. Wege usw., a) eig.: aditus atque itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portum ferebant, Caes.: via fert Verruginem, Liv., in Persidem, Curt.; vgl. Mützell Curt. 3, 11 (28), 19. – b) übtr.: si qua ad verum via ferret inquirentem, Liv.: quod eo; quo intendas, ferat deducatque, Cic.: nisi animi quaedam ingenita natura et studio excitata velocitas recta nos ad ea, quae conveniunt causae, ferant, Quint. – / Von der Wurzel fer ohne Bindevokal immer Präs. fers, fert, fertis, Imperat. fer, ferte, fertote; Infin. Präs. ferre, Konj. Imperf. ferrem; im Pass. Präs. ferris, fertur, Infin. Präs. ferrī, Konj. Imperf. ferrer. – 2. Pers. Präs. Akt. feris, Firm. Mat. de err. 24, 3 H. – 2. Pers. Präs. Pass. fereris, Diom. 361, 28 u. 386, 26 (ohne Beleg). – Parag. Infin. ferrier, Plaut. rud. 367. – Archaist. redupliz. Perf. tetulī, Poët. bei Charis. 278, 6. Plaut. Men. 629 u. ö. Catull. 63, 52: tetulisti, Enn. ann. 55. Acc. tr. 116. Caecil. com. 75: tetulit, Com. pall. fr. inc. 32 ( bei Cic. de or. 3, 219). Plaut. most. 471. Ter. Andr. 832. Catull. 63, 47: tetulerunt, Lucr. 6, 672: tetulissem, Ter. Andr. 808. Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 3635: tetulisset, Catull. 66, 35: tetulissent, Macrin. poët. bei Capit. Macrin. 11, 6: tetulero, Plaut. cist. 650: tetulisse, Plaut. rud. 893. Vgl. Neue-Wagner Formenl.3 3, 346 u. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 274.
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19 praeter
[prae] [st1]1 [-] praetĕr, adv.: [idée de passer devant, donc de dépasser]. a - au sens pr., ne se trouve qu'en compos., v. praetereo, praeterfluo, etc. - preater-ire: passer le long de, omettre. - praeter-mittere: laisser de côté, négliger. b - [fig.] = praeterquam: excepté, exception faite. - statuit diem, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere praeter rerum capitalium damnatis, Sall. C. 36, 2: il fixe un jour, avant lequel ceux qui déposeront les armes auront amnistie à l'exception des condamnés pour crime capital. - nil praeter salices cassaque canna fuit, Ov. F. 6, 406: il n'y avait que des saules et de souples roseaux. - praeter pennas nihil in pavone placebat, Ov. F. 6, 177: on n'aimait du paon que son plumage. - exsules, praeter caedis damnati, restituebantur, Just. 13, 5, 2: les exilés, sauf ceux qui avaient été condamnés, étaient rappelés. - ne quis praeter armatus violaretur, Liv. 4, 59, 7: que personne ne fût maltraité, à l'exception de ceux qui seraient armés. - cf. Varr. R. 1, 38, 1; Plin. 14, 119 ; Suet. Cl. 4 ; Ner. 56 ; Gell. 1, 23, 13. - joint à des particules: praeter si, Varr. R. 1, 41, 5: excepté si. - praeterque Plin. 4, 21; 5, 16, etc., et en outre. - praeter quod Apul. M. 2, p. 122, excepté que. - v. praeterpropter, praeterquam. [st1]2 [-] praetĕr, prép. + acc.: a - devant, le long de. - praeter pedes, Plaut. Stich. 460: devant les pieds. - praeter castra Caesaris suas copias traduxit, Caes. BG. 1, 48, 2: il fit passer ses troupes devant le camp de César. - praeter oculos alicujus aliquid ferre, Cic. Verr. 3, 62: faire passer qqch devant les yeux de qqn. b - au-delà de, contre. - praeter naturam, Cic. Phil. 1, 10: au-delà de ce que comporte la nature. - praeter opinionem, Cic. Verr. 2, 182: contre toute attente. - praeter spem, Cic. Verr. 5, 91: contre toute espérance. - praeter modum, Cic. Div. 1, 100: d'une façon démesurée. d - au-delà de, plus que. - praeter ceteros aliquid alicui imponere, Cic. Verr. 4, 76: imposer qqch à qqn plus qu'aux autres. --- cf. Cic. Sull. 7 ; Amer. 145. - praeter alios, Cic. Sull. 9: plus qu'aux autres. g - excepté. - nihil habeo praeter auditum, Cic. Off. 1, 33: je ne sais rien que par ouï-dire. - hoc nemini praeter me videtur, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: personne que moi n'a ce sentiment. - omnibus sententiis praeter unam, Cic. Clu. 55: par tous les suffrages sauf un. - omne frumentum praeter quod... Caes. BG. 1, 5, 3: tout le blé sauf celui que... - nullas litteras acceperam praeter quae mihi binae redditae sunt, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 2: je n'ai reçu aucune lettre sauf les deux qui m'ont été remises. - ex plurimis honoribus, praeter paucos non recepit, Suet. Tib. 26: parmi les très nombreux honneurs, il n'en accepta que quelques-uns. - nihil praeter plorare, Hor. S. 2, 5, 69: rien que les pleurs. h - indépendamment de, outre. - ut praeter se denos adducerent, Caes. BG. 1, 43, 3: qu'ils amenassent en plus d'eux-mêmes chacun dix personnes. - praeter pecunias imperatas, Caes. BC. 3, 32, 4: outre les sommes imposées. - cf. Caes. BC. 3, 57, 3; Cic. Q. 1, 1, 28. - praeter spem: contre toute attente. - praeter ceteros sensus: plus que tous les autres sens. - praeter legem: contrairement à la loi. - praeter modum: outre mesure. - praeter imperatas pecunias suo etiam privato compendio serviebant, Caes. BC. 3, 32, 4: outre les sommes exigées, ils se consacraient aussi à leur profit personnel.* * *[prae] [st1]1 [-] praetĕr, adv.: [idée de passer devant, donc de dépasser]. a - au sens pr., ne se trouve qu'en compos., v. praetereo, praeterfluo, etc. - preater-ire: passer le long de, omettre. - praeter-mittere: laisser de côté, négliger. b - [fig.] = praeterquam: excepté, exception faite. - statuit diem, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere praeter rerum capitalium damnatis, Sall. C. 36, 2: il fixe un jour, avant lequel ceux qui déposeront les armes auront amnistie à l'exception des condamnés pour crime capital. - nil praeter salices cassaque canna fuit, Ov. F. 6, 406: il n'y avait que des saules et de souples roseaux. - praeter pennas nihil in pavone placebat, Ov. F. 6, 177: on n'aimait du paon que son plumage. - exsules, praeter caedis damnati, restituebantur, Just. 13, 5, 2: les exilés, sauf ceux qui avaient été condamnés, étaient rappelés. - ne quis praeter armatus violaretur, Liv. 4, 59, 7: que personne ne fût maltraité, à l'exception de ceux qui seraient armés. - cf. Varr. R. 1, 38, 1; Plin. 14, 119 ; Suet. Cl. 4 ; Ner. 56 ; Gell. 1, 23, 13. - joint à des particules: praeter si, Varr. R. 1, 41, 5: excepté si. - praeterque Plin. 4, 21; 5, 16, etc., et en outre. - praeter quod Apul. M. 2, p. 122, excepté que. - v. praeterpropter, praeterquam. [st1]2 [-] praetĕr, prép. + acc.: a - devant, le long de. - praeter pedes, Plaut. Stich. 460: devant les pieds. - praeter castra Caesaris suas copias traduxit, Caes. BG. 1, 48, 2: il fit passer ses troupes devant le camp de César. - praeter oculos alicujus aliquid ferre, Cic. Verr. 3, 62: faire passer qqch devant les yeux de qqn. b - au-delà de, contre. - praeter naturam, Cic. Phil. 1, 10: au-delà de ce que comporte la nature. - praeter opinionem, Cic. Verr. 2, 182: contre toute attente. - praeter spem, Cic. Verr. 5, 91: contre toute espérance. - praeter modum, Cic. Div. 1, 100: d'une façon démesurée. d - au-delà de, plus que. - praeter ceteros aliquid alicui imponere, Cic. Verr. 4, 76: imposer qqch à qqn plus qu'aux autres. --- cf. Cic. Sull. 7 ; Amer. 145. - praeter alios, Cic. Sull. 9: plus qu'aux autres. g - excepté. - nihil habeo praeter auditum, Cic. Off. 1, 33: je ne sais rien que par ouï-dire. - hoc nemini praeter me videtur, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: personne que moi n'a ce sentiment. - omnibus sententiis praeter unam, Cic. Clu. 55: par tous les suffrages sauf un. - omne frumentum praeter quod... Caes. BG. 1, 5, 3: tout le blé sauf celui que... - nullas litteras acceperam praeter quae mihi binae redditae sunt, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 2: je n'ai reçu aucune lettre sauf les deux qui m'ont été remises. - ex plurimis honoribus, praeter paucos non recepit, Suet. Tib. 26: parmi les très nombreux honneurs, il n'en accepta que quelques-uns. - nihil praeter plorare, Hor. S. 2, 5, 69: rien que les pleurs. h - indépendamment de, outre. - ut praeter se denos adducerent, Caes. BG. 1, 43, 3: qu'ils amenassent en plus d'eux-mêmes chacun dix personnes. - praeter pecunias imperatas, Caes. BC. 3, 32, 4: outre les sommes imposées. - cf. Caes. BC. 3, 57, 3; Cic. Q. 1, 1, 28. - praeter spem: contre toute attente. - praeter ceteros sensus: plus que tous les autres sens. - praeter legem: contrairement à la loi. - praeter modum: outre mesure. - praeter imperatas pecunias suo etiam privato compendio serviebant, Caes. BC. 3, 32, 4: outre les sommes exigées, ils se consacraient aussi à leur profit personnel.* * *Praeter, Praepositio, accusatiuo semper iungitur. Plautus, Nunc quidem, praeter nos, nemo est. Excepté, ou Fors que nous, Sauf et reservé.\Vnam hanc rem me habere praeter alios praecipuam arbitror. Terent. Oultre les autres, ou Plus que les autres.\Tres minas pro istis duobus dedi praeter vecturam. Plautus. Sans, ou Oultre le voicture.\Praeter ripam. Liu. Aupres du rivage.\Praeter aequum. Terent. Contre raison et equité.\Praeter aequum et bonum. Terent. Plus que de droict et de raison.\Mihi videre praeter aetatem tuam facere. Terentius. Oultre qu'il ne convient, ou appartient à ton aage.\Quia erat forma praeter caeteras honesta ac liberali. Plautus. Plus que toutes les autres.\Praeter consuetudinem tuam, diem non ascribis. Cic. Contre ta coustume, Ce que tu n'as pas accoustumé de faire.\Praeter haec si me irritassis. Plaut. Oultre ce, D'advantage.\Non patiar praeter hac, quin vidua viuam. Plaut. D'ici en avant, Ci apres.\Fortasse aliquanto iniquior erat praeter eius libidinem. Terent. Plus qu'il ne vouloit, Oultre son gré.\Praeter modum. Cic. Oultre mesure.\Praeter ciuium morem atque legem. Terent. Contre la coustume des citoyens.\Te esse praeter nostram opinionem comperi. Terent. Autre que je ne pensoye.\Praeter opinionem mihi acciderat. Cic. Autrement que je ne pensoye, Contre mon esperance.\Quum ad me praeter opinionem venisset. Cicero. Que je ne l'attendoye pas.\Praeter opinionem omnium factum sit. Cic. Contre l'opinion de touts.\Illud accidit praeter optatum meum. Cicero. Oultre que je ne desiroye.\Omnia mihi hodie eueniunt praeter sententiam. Plaut. Contre mon vouloir.\Praeter spem euenit. Terent. Contre toute esperance, Autrement qu'on n'esperoit.\Praeter oculos. Cic. Devant les yeulx.\Praeter suorum ora. Tacit. En la presence des siens, et devant leurs yeulx.\Praeter, Aduerbium, pro Praeterquam. Columel. Omnis incommodi patientes praeter caloris. Excepté chaleur.\Nullas adhuc acceperam: praeter quae mihi binae semel in Tribulano redditae sunt. Cic. Fors, ou Excepté ces deux là, etc.\Habent oculos, praeterque e sensibus tactum atque gustatum. Plin. Ils ont des yeulx, et d'advantage: ou oultre ce, etc. -
20 fero
fero, tulī, lātum, ferre ( altindisch bhárati, trägt, griech. φέρω, gotisch bairan, das Perf. tuli [vorklass. auch redupliziert tetuli] v. veralteten tulo [w. vgl.], das Supin. latum eig. tlatum, v. alten tlao, τλάω), tragen, I) im allg., etwas Tragbares tragen, tragend bringen, 1) eig.: a) mit vorherrsch. Begr. des Tragens: onus, Ter. (u. so accommodatum od. aptum esse oneri ferundo, Solin. u. Capit.): alqd umeris, Hor. u. Petron.: arma in sarcinis, Curt.: alqm super arma, Verg.: puerum prae se, Suet. – faces in Capitolium, Cic.: puerum circa iudices, Quint.: lecticā ferri per oppidum, Cic., in Capitolium, Suet.: alqm ex proelio, Liv. – So nun α) am Körper tragen, an sich tragen, personam, s. persona: cervice iugum, Hor.: aure duos lapides, Ov.: census corpore suos (sein ganzes Vermögen), Ov. – β) von Schwangern, ventrem, den Leib tragen, schwanger gehen od. sein, Liv., trächtig sein, von Tieren, Varro. – ebenso partum (Leibesfrucht) octonis mensibus, v. Tieren, Plin.: alqm, mit einem schwanger gehen, Tibull.: poet., alqm alci, jmd. einem gebären, Sil. – γ) als milit. t. t.: arma ferre posse, waffenfähig sein, Caes.: arma contra alqm, Caes. u. Cic., adversus alqm, Nep., in alqm, Liv., u. (poet.) alci, Sil., gegen jmd. ziehen. – signa in hostem, losgehen auf usw., Liv.: signa infesta ad urbem Romam, Liv.: quā impetum tulisset,————sich mit seinem Angriff gewendet hatte, Iustin. b) mit vorherrsch. Begr. des Bringens, bringen = herbeibringen, hinbringen, überbringen, darbringen, venenum, Liv.: argentum ad alqm, Plaut.: pisciculos alci, Ter.: alqd a domo ad alqm, Liv. – alci praemia, Verg.: alci osculum, geben, Ov.: alci complexum, jmd. umarmen wollen, Liv. – signa, Zeichen geben, Verg. – u. bes., wie φέρειν, eine Abgabe, Gabe, ein Opfer bringen, darbringen, entrichten, alci tributum, Liv. u. Curt., tributa, Ov. (griech. φόρον, φόρους φέρειν): u. als t. t. der Religionsspr., liba Baccho, Verg.: sacra divis, Verg.: crinem Diti, weihen, Verg.: suprema cineri, die letzte Ehre erweisen, Verg.2) übtr.: a) mit vorherrsch. Begr. des Tragens: α) übh. tragen, führen, aufweisen, aufzuweisen haben, nomen Aemilii Pauli, Liv.: avum Marcum Antonium, Tac. – nomen iniqui, Hor., cognomen Torquati, Suet.: imaginem alcis, jmds. Bild (Gestalt) an sich tragen, sich fälschlich ausgeben für jmd., Plaut. (s. Lorenz Plaut. mil. 151). – alqm in oculis od. bl. oculis, jmd. überaus lieben, Cic. – prae se alqd od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., an den Tag legen, zeigen, merken lassen, zu erkennen geben (Ggstz. dissimulare), Cic. u.a.: ebenso eam laudem cognomine ipso, zur Schau tragen, erkennen lassen, Cic.: u. f. paulo apertius, apertissime alqd (dolorem, laetitiam), etwas offener, ganz offen zeigen, zur Schau tragen, Cic.: u.————vultu f. laetitiam, Tac.: patrium nitorem ore, Ov.: u. der Ggstz. obscure f. (heimlich halten) et dissimulare, Cic., u. clam f., verhehlen, Liv. – ut se fert ipse, wie er sich selbst gibt, Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 4, 2. – β) etw. tragen, ertragen, erdulden, sich gefallen lassen, hinnehmen, aushalten, miserias, Ter.: contumaciam alcis, Cic.: impetum, Caes.: u. als t. t. des Landbaues, vetustatem, das Alter vertragen, sich lange halten, v. Weine, Cic., übtr., v. Schriften, Ov. – mit pers. Objj., optimates quis ferat? Cic.: fer me! Ter.: non ferrem te, Quint.: non tulit hunc, konnte ihm nicht widerstehen, Nep.: quem ferret si parentem ferret non suum, ertragen, sich nicht widersetzen, Ter. – m. folg. Infin., servo nubere nympha tuli, Ov. her. 5, 12. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ferunt aures hominum, illa... laudari, Cic. de or. 2, 344: illa praecipi quis ferat? Quint. 11, 3, 27: u. so Ov. met. 12, 555 u.a.: nach non ferre, Hor. epod. 15, 13. Ov. met. 2, 628: m. folg. quod (daß), Ov. met. 5, 525: u. so non ferendum est, quod etc., Quint. 11, 3, 131. – per alqm non ferre m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Cic. Quinct. 99. – absol., non feram, non patiar, non sinam, ich kann's, ich will's, ich darf's nicht dulden, Cic. Cat. 1, 10. – dah. m. Advv. u. dgl. = irgendwie tragen, ertragen, aufnehmen, alqd aegre, moleste, graviter molesteque, Cic.: anxie, Sall. u.a.: aequo od. (im Ggstz.) iniquo animo, Cic.: facile, clementer, fortiter————ac sapienter u. dgl., Cic.: quam rem nobilitas aegerrime tulit, und das hat den Adel höchlich verdrossen, Sall. – mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., graviter sibi dari uxorem ferunt, Ter.: si quis aegre ferat se pauperem esse, Cic. – alqd tacite non ferre m. folg. quin u. Konj., Liv. 5, 28, 1. – m. de u. Abl., moleste fers de illo, Cic. – Partiz. non ferendus, unerträglich, unzulässig, unstatthaft, facinus, Cic.: lex, Cic.: non ferendum m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. u. Plin. – b) m. vorherrsch. Begr. des Bringens, α) (= afferre, offerre) übh. bringen, herbeibringen, -führen, darbringen, = bieten, opem, auxilium, opem auxiliumque, Cic.: caput luendae sponsionis causā, Liv.: poet., alci fidem (Glauben), schenken, beimessen, Verg. – ebenso einen Zustand, bes. einen üblen, bringen, herbeiführen, bereiten (vgl. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 744. Weißenb. Liv. 23, 9, 5), finem alci rei u. alcis rei, Verg.: alci luctum lacrimasque, Liv.: alci fallaciam, mit Lug u. Trug vorgehen gegen jmd., Plaut.: fraudem, eine Tücke anrichten (Ggstz. vitare), Liv.: alci fraudem, Nachteile bringen (v. einem Umstand), Cic.: perniciem alci cum scelere, Liv. – β) mündlich bringen, d.i. αα) mündlich od. schriftlich übh. hinterbringen, vorbringen, melden, berichten, quod fers, cedo, Ter.: si vera fero, Verg.: f. responsa Turno, Verg.: nec aliud per illos dies populus credulitate, prudentes diversā famā tulere, es war das Einzige,————wovon in diesen Tagen das V. im Glauben daran und die Unterrichteten im entgegengesetzten Sinne sprachen, Tac. ann. 16, 2, 2. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Ov. met. 6, 470 u. 14, 527. Tac. ann. 4, 58; 6, 26; hist. 4, 78: u. so mihi fama tulit m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Verg. Aen. 6, 503: commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Tac. ann. 6, 47. – ββ) mündlich darbringen, preces Iunoni, Verg.: dis vota precesque, Sil. – dah. anbieten, antragen, alqam (zur Frau), Cic.: condicionem eam ferre (stellen) misero, ut etc., Cic.: condiciones tristes f., Liv. – γγ) bes. die publiz. u. jurist. t. t.: suffragium, seine Stimme abgeben, in den Komitien, Cic.: ebenso sententiam de etc., v. Volke u. v. den Richtern, Cic. – legem f., ein Gesetz vorschlagen, einen Antrag, Vorschlag machen, Cic., de alqa re, Cic., od. ut etc., Vell., od. m. folg. bl. Coniunctiv, Vell.: ebenso privilegium de alqo, Cic.: rogationem de alqo, contra od. in alqm, ad populum, in plebem, Cic., Caes. u. Liv.: u. bl. ferre ad populum, ut etc., Cic.: ferre ad plebem, vellent iuberentne etc., Liv.: u. bl. ferre de alqa re od. ut etc., Cic.: nihil de me tulisti, quo minus essem in civium numero, du hast keinen förmlichen Antrag gestellt, mich von der Z. der B. auszuschließen, Cic. de domo 82. – impers., lato ad populum, ut etc., Liv. 23, 14, 2. – (alci) iudicem, vom Kläger, dem Verklagten einen Richter vorschlagen, Cic.————(vgl. quem tibi meorum suppliciorum iudicem feram, Liv.); u. übtr., jmd. verklagen übh., Liv. – γ) v. Abstr., mit sich bringen, erfordern, verlangen, erheischen, bestimmen, gestatten, quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime optimeque perspicies, Cic.: quae fert adulescentia, Ter.: ut aetas illa fert, Cic.: ut natura fert, Ter.: ut mea fert opinio, Cic.: ut opinio et spes fert, Cic.: quantum mea opinio fert, Apul.: si ita res feret, wenn es so sein muß, Cic.: si vestra voluntas feret, Cic.: natura fert... ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent, Cic.: hoc totum si vobis versutius, quam mea consuetudo defendendi fert, videbitur, Cic.II) insbes.: A) ins Hausbuch eintragen, f. acceptum (accepto), expensum, s. accipio no. I, A, a, α, u. expendo no. II, B, 1.B) schriftlich od. mündlich 1) etw. umhertragen, -bieten, verbreiten, überall-, oft von etw. reden, im Passiv umhergeboten werden, im Umlauf sein, in aller Leute Händen od. Munde sein, a) schriftlich: cuius scripta feruntur, Cic. – b) mündlich: inimici famam non ita, ut nata est, ferunt, verbreiten, Plaut.: hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt? Plaut.: vestrum iter ac reditum omnia saecula laudibus ferent, werden preisen, Liv.: sermonibus bella, Liv.: f. haec omnibus sermonibus, Caes.: tanto opere ferri, Cic.: vulgo ferebantur versus, Suet.: fertur imprimis————(hoc dictum), Ter. – 2) aussprechen, aussagen, äußern, erklären, vorgeben, erwähnen, angeben, mitteilen, von etw. sprechen, etw. besprechen, si vera feram, Verg.: eam rem vulgo, Liv.: homines ferunt mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Lucr. 3, 41 sq.: haud dubie ferebant m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sie erklärten unzweideutig, Liv. 22, 14. 15. – dah. ferunt u. Passiv fertur, feruntur, man berichtet, -erzählt, man s pricht davon, man behauptet allgemein, es soll, ferunt (ferebant, ferent) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 57. Liv. 1, 4, 5. Vell. 1, 4, 1. Catull. 2, 11. Verg. Aen. 2, 230: fertur u. feruntur mit folg. Nom. u. Infin., Cic. de sen. 8; de rep. 2, 20 u. ö. Sall. Iug. 30, 2. Vell. 1, 8, 2. Acc. tr. 669. Lucr. 5, 14. Catull. 64, 19. Verg. Aen. 1, 15. Hor. carm. 1, 7, 23: fertur m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Capit. Anton. phil. 28, 10. Dict. 4, 21. – u. fertur alqs mit folg. quasi u. Konj., Cic. de legg. 3, 30. – parenthet., ut ferebant, sicut fertur, ut temporibus illis ferebatur, Cic. – famā ferre, sich mit dem Gerede tragen, ausstreuen, sich allgemein dahin aussprechen, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Verg. Aen. 7, 765. Liv. 23, 31, 13 u. 28, 40, 1. – u. fama fert (es geht das Gerede) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Liv. 2, 7, 6. Tac. ann. 1, 5 extr.: parenthet., sicut fama fert (geht), Liv.: ita fama ferebat, Ov. – u. ferre mit dopp. Acc., für od. als den u. den ausgeben, angeben, erklären, rühmen (s. M. Müller Liv. praef. § 7. Fabri————Liv. 21, 41, 7. Weißenb. Liv. 37, 45, 5), ferre alqm inventorem omnium artium, Caes.: Servium conditorem famā f., Liv.: si te petitorem fero, Cic.: se belli ducem potiorem f., Liv.: se Philippum, Vell.: im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur, wurde als ausgezeichnet unter seinen A. gerühmt, Nep. Att. 1, 3C) im Geiste od. Gemüte tragen, überdenken, bedenken, überlegen, als etw. ansehen, beurteilen, dice, quid fers, Plaut.: homo semper in se aliud fert, in alterum aliud cogitat, Syri sent.: id consilio ante ferre debemus, vorausbedenken, Cic. ep. 5, 16, 6 (C. F. W. Müller liest ›anteferre‹): utcumque ferent ea facta minores, Verg.: ne id ipsum, quod consultationi reliquerant, pro praeiudicato ferret, Liv. – m. Infin., ad Stygios iterum fero (gedenke) mergere fluctus, Stat. Ach. 1, 134.D) davontragen, 1) im guten Sinne, a) davontragen, mit hinwegnehmen, bildl., veniam peto feroque, nehme sie gleichs. mit, versichere mich derselben, Liv.: calumniam, den Tadel der Schikane davontr., Cael. b. Cic.: nihil aliud ex certamine, Liv.: alqd tacitum, etwas als verschwiegen mit hinwegn., zB. non tacitum feres, ich werde nicht schweigen, Cic.: ne id quidem ab Turno tacitum tulisse, T. habe auch dazu nicht geschwiegen, Liv.: alqd impune, Caes., od. inultum, Ter., bei etwas ungestraft davonkommen, un-————gestr. bleiben: u. so non feret, quin vapulet, er wird nicht ohne Schläge wegkommen. Plaut. – b) davontragen = erhalten, erlangen, ernten, quod posces feres, Plaut.: partem praedae, Cic.: fructus ex fortuna, Vell.: fructus ex re publ. uberes, Cic.: victoriam ex alqo, Liv.: gratiam (Dank) alcis rei, Liv.: u. hoc facto haud immeritam laudem gratiamque (und Dank) apud omnes, Liv.: palmam, primas, Cic.: responsum ab alqo, Cic.: poenas, s. poena: ridendo maxima damna feres, Ov. – u. so in den publiz. t. t.: repulsam (a populo), Cic.: suffragia, Suet.: ebenso centuriam, tribus, die Stimmen der Z. usw. erhalten, Cic. – c) von wo entnehmen, feruntur (sie sind entnommen) ex optimis naturae et veritatis exemplis, Cic. de off. 3, 69. – 2) im üblen Sinne, gewaltsam-, raubend u. dgl. hinwegnehmen, hinwegraffen, Pergama, Verg.: te fata tulerunt, Verg. – dah. f. et agere, wegtragen u. wegführen = alles (Tragbare, sowie Menschen und Vieh) als Beute wegführen, Liv. (s. ausführl. ago no. I, 2, c. S. 263 oben): ähnlich rapere et ferre, Verg.E) tragen = hervorbringen, terra fruges ferre potest, Cic.: absol., ferundo arbor peribit, Cato. – v. Ländern, quae si tulisset Achaia, Plin. ep. – übtr., haec aetas oratorem prope perfectum tulit, Cic.F) ( wie φέρω) mit vorherrsch. Begriff der Bewegung: 1) tragend in Bewegung setzen, einherbewegen, fortbewegen u. dgl., bes. schnell, rasch dahin-————tragen, -führen, -treiben, u. ferre se od. medial ferri, sich rasch bewegen, rasch gehen, eilen, stürzen, fahren, springen, rennen usw., v. Lebl. auch fliegen, aufwärts = steigen, abwärts = sich senken, a) eig.: α) act.: fer pedem, profer gradum, Plaut.: quocumque pedes ferent, die Füße tragen, Hor.: ebenso inde domum pedem, den Fuß tragen = gehen, Verg.: numquam huc tetulissem pedem Ter.: qui huc in hanc urbem pedem, nisi hodie, numquam intro tetulit, Plaut. (vgl. Spengel Ter. Andr. 808): contra (entgegen) gradum, Plaut.: gradus ingentes, große Schr. machen, Ov. – signa (milit. t. t.), das Feldzeichen fortbewegen = aufbrechen, abmarschieren, Liv. – ad caelum fulmina, Lucr.: caelo supinas manus, Hor. – in eam partem, quo ventus fert, trägt, führt, Caes.: ventus ferens, ein leicht dahinführender, die Fahrt fördernder Wind, ein Fahrwind, ventus secundus et ferens, günstiger Fahrwind, Sen.: oft Plur. venti ferentes, fördernde, günstige Winde, Plin. pan. u. Ov. – β) refl.: se ferre alci obviam, Cic.: se extra tecta f., Verg.: qui se ferebat, der sich im stolzen Gange schwang, Verg.: ad se ferentem (sc. se) pertimescit, den auf sich losstürzenden, Nep.: palam se f., sich öffentlich zeigen, Suet.: dah. se f. alqm, sich zeigen, öffentlich auftreten als usw., se suasorem, Liv.: libertum se populi Romani, Liv.: se consulem, Tac.: quem sese ore ferens, Verg.: ingentem sese clamore ferebat,————großmächtig brüstete er sich mit G., Verg. – γ) medial: ad alqm omni celeritate ferri, Caes.: cursu in hostem ferri, Liv.: quocumque feremur, wohin uns die Flut führt, Cic.: ferri pennā per aethera, Hor.: ferri equis, Verg.: saltu super venabula ferri, springen, Verg. – classis interrita fertur, segelt dahin, Verg.: Rhenus citatus fertur per etc., strömt rasch, Caes.: sanguis fertur a faucibus, ex pulmone, Cels.: stellae circa terram feruntur, Cic.: deorsum ferri, Cic.: vitis ad terram fertur, senkt sich, Cic.: fumus ad caelum usque fertur, Suet. – b) übtr.: quem tulit ad scaenam ventoso gloria curru, Hor.: alcis gloria ad caelum fertur, Lucr.: alqm in od. ad caelum laudibus, erheben, Cic. u. Liv.: ebenso alqm laudibus, Cic. u. Liv., summis laudibus, Nep.: alqd miris laudibus, Liv., alqm praecipuā laude, Nep. – rem supra ferre quam fieri potest, über die Grenzen des Möglichen erheben, vergrößern, Cic.: famā incerta in maius ferri solent, vergrößert zu werden, Liv. – Demosthenes saepe in eam partem ferebatur oratione (ging in seinen Behauptungen so weit), ut etc., Cic.: omni cogitatione ferri ad alqd, alle seine Gedanken richten auf usw., Nep. – eloquentia, quae cursu magno sonituque fertur, daherfährt, Cic.: orator suo iam impetu fertur, wird fortgerissen, Quint.: quia proclivi ad eas perturbationes, non quia semper feruntur, weil sie leicht, nicht weil sie immer fortgerissen werden, Cic. – v.————Lust u. Neigung, treiben, quo cuiusque animus fert, eo discedunt, Sall.: istuc mens animusque fert, Hor.: u. fert animus m. folg. Infin., Suet. Oth. 6, 1. Ov. met. 1. 1 u.a. Dichter (s. Drak. Sil. 16, 294): si maxime animus ferat (sc. diutius in his locis esse), wenn noch so sehr die Lust sich regte, Sall. Cat. 58, 6. – ähnlich ferri alqā re, von einer Leidenschaft hingerissen werden, sich hinreißen lassen, beseelt sein, zB. crudelitate et scelere, Cic.: avaritiā, Cic.: tanto odio ferri in Ciceronem, ut etc., Nep. – 2) zu einem Ziele führen, v. Wege usw., a) eig.: aditus atque itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portum ferebant, Caes.: via fert Verruginem, Liv., in Persidem, Curt.; vgl. Mützell Curt. 3, 11 (28), 19. – b) übtr.: si qua ad verum via ferret inquirentem, Liv.: quod eo; quo intendas, ferat deducatque, Cic.: nisi animi quaedam ingenita natura et studio excitata velocitas recta nos ad ea, quae conveniunt causae, ferant, Quint. – ⇒ Von der Wurzel fer ohne Bindevokal immer Präs. fers, fert, fertis, Imperat. fer, ferte, fertote; Infin. Präs. ferre, Konj. Imperf. ferrem; im Pass. Präs. ferris, fertur, Infin. Präs. ferrī, Konj. Imperf. ferrer. – 2. Pers. Präs. Akt. feris, Firm. Mat. de err. 24, 3 H. – 2. Pers. Präs. Pass. fereris, Diom. 361, 28 u. 386, 26 (ohne Beleg). – Parag. Infin. ferrier, Plaut. rud. 367. – Archaist. redupliz. Perf. tetulī, Poët. bei Charis. 278, 6. Plaut. Men. 629 u. ö. Catull. 63, 52: tetulisti, Enn. ann. 55.————Acc. tr. 116. Caecil. com. 75: tetulit, Com. pall. fr. inc. 32 ( bei Cic. de or. 3, 219). Plaut. most. 471. Ter. Andr. 832. Catull. 63, 47: tetulerunt, Lucr. 6, 672: tetulissem, Ter. Andr. 808. Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 3635: tetulisset, Catull. 66, 35: tetulissent, Macrin. poët. bei Capit. Macrin. 11, 6: tetulero, Plaut. cist. 650: tetulisse, Plaut. rud. 893. Vgl. Neue-Wagner Formenl.3 3, 346 u. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 274.
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legem ferre — /liyjam fehriy/ In Roman law, to propose a law to the people for their adoption … Black's law dictionary
legem ferre — (Roman law.) To submit a proposed law to the people … Ballentine's law dictionary
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